Английский для дерматологической медсестры: ключевые термины и фразы

"primary lesion"

An initial skin change arising directly from a disease process, such as a macule, papule, vesicle, or pustule, before any secondary alteration occurs

"The nurse documented a primary lesion on the patient's forearm: a 0.8 cm erythematous papule with well-defined borders."

"secondary lesion"

A skin change that evolves from a primary lesion or results from patient-induced changes such as scratching, rubbing, or treatment

"Repeated scratching had converted the original vesicles into secondary lesions, leaving excoriated plaques across the patient's inner elbows."

"distribution pattern"

The anatomical arrangement and location of skin lesions on the body, which provides important diagnostic information about the underlying condition

"The distribution pattern of the rash — confined to sun-exposed areas of the face, neck, and forearms — suggested a photosensitive dermatosis."

"morphology"

The physical characteristics of a skin lesion including its shape, size, colour, surface texture, and border, used to classify and describe dermatological findings

"Accurate documentation of the lesion's morphology, including its irregular pigmentation and rolled edges, prompted an urgent dermatology referral."

"dermoscopy"

A non-invasive skin surface examination technique using a handheld magnifying device that illuminates and magnifies skin structures to aid lesion evaluation

"Dermoscopy revealed an asymmetric vascular pattern within the pigmented lesion, supporting the decision to perform an excision biopsy."

"erythema"

Redness of the skin caused by increased blood flow to the superficial capillaries, which blanches on pressure, distinguishing it from purpura or petechiae

"The nurse noted spreading erythema around the wound margin and increased skin temperature, consistent with early cellulitis."

"pruritus"

The medical term for itch, an unpleasant cutaneous sensation that provokes the desire to scratch, often the primary symptom in inflammatory and allergic skin conditions

"The patient rated her pruritus as 8 out of 10 on the itch severity scale, significantly disrupting her sleep and daily activities."

"skin turgor"

The ability of the skin to return to its normal position after being pinched, used as a bedside assessment of hydration status

"Reduced skin turgor, combined with dry mucous membranes, indicated that the elderly patient was significantly dehydrated and required intravenous fluid therapy."

"atopic dermatitis"

A chronic relapsing-remitting inflammatory skin condition characterised by intense itch, xerosis, and eczematous lesions, strongly associated with atopy

"The nurse developed an individualised emollient regimen for the child with moderate atopic dermatitis, focusing on twice-daily application and trigger avoidance."

"plaque psoriasis"

The most common form of psoriasis, presenting as well-demarcated, erythematous plaques covered by silvery-white scales, typically affecting the scalp, elbows, and knees

"The patient's plaque psoriasis had failed two topical treatments, prompting the dermatologist to initiate a biologic therapy."

"flare"

A sudden worsening or recurrence of a chronic skin condition following a period of remission or relative stability, often triggered by identifiable factors

"The nurse explored potential triggers for the patient's latest flare, identifying a new shower gel and a period of high stress as likely contributing factors."

"emollient therapy"

The regular application of moisturising preparations to restore the skin barrier, reduce trans-epidermal water loss, and decrease inflammation in dry and eczematous skin

"The nurse emphasised that emollient therapy should be applied liberally at least three times daily and always before topical steroids, not after."

"topical corticosteroid"

A steroid preparation applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation and suppress immune responses in conditions such as eczema and psoriasis

"The nurse counselled the patient on the correct finger-tip unit measurement for applying the prescribed topical corticosteroid to ensure adequate dosing without overuse."

"Koebner phenomenon"

The development of new skin lesions along sites of trauma, injury, or mechanical pressure in patients with certain skin conditions including psoriasis and vitiligo

"New psoriatic plaques had appeared along a surgical scar on the patient's abdomen, a classic example of the Koebner phenomenon."

"lichenification"

Thickening and hardening of the skin with exaggerated skin markings, resulting from prolonged rubbing or scratching, commonly seen in chronic eczema

"Marked lichenification of the antecubital fossae indicated that the patient had been scratching heavily despite the prescribed antihistamine."

"wet wrap therapy"

A technique used in severe eczema in which emollients or diluted topical steroids are applied under two layers of tubular bandage — a wet inner layer and a dry outer layer

"The nursing team taught the parents wet wrap therapy technique before the child's discharge, ensuring they could continue treatment safely at home."

"venous leg ulcer"

An open wound on the lower leg occurring due to venous hypertension and chronic venous insufficiency, characterised by a shallow, irregular wound bed typically located above the medial malleolus

"The nurse applied a four-layer compression bandage system to manage the patient's venous leg ulcer, aiming to reduce venous hypertension and promote healing."

"ankle brachial pressure index"

A ratio calculated by comparing the systolic blood pressure at the ankle with that of the brachial artery, used to detect peripheral arterial disease before compression therapy

"Before commencing compression bandaging, the nurse performed an ankle brachial pressure index measurement and confirmed the result was above 0.8, making compression safe to apply."

"wound bed preparation"

A systematic approach to managing the wound environment to optimise healing, encompassing debridement, management of exudate, and treatment of wound edge and surrounding skin

"Wound bed preparation was hindered by the thick sloughy tissue, so the nurse requested a referral for enzymatic debridement."

"debridement"

The removal of necrotic, sloughy, or infected tissue from a wound to reduce bacterial burden and promote the growth of healthy granulation tissue

"Sharp debridement was carried out by the specialist nurse to remove the black eschar at the wound centre before applying the hydrogel dressing."

"granulation tissue"

The new connective tissue and tiny blood vessels that form on the surface of a healing wound, appearing pink or red and having a granular texture

"The wound assessment showed healthy granulation tissue filling 80% of the wound bed, indicating satisfactory progress toward closure."

"periwound skin"

The skin immediately surrounding a wound, which must be protected from moisture-associated damage, maceration, and adhesive trauma during dressing changes

"The nurse applied a barrier film to the periwound skin before securing the dressing to prevent maceration from the heavily exuding wound."

"wound exudate"

The fluid that leaks from blood vessels into a wound, which can be serous, serosanguineous, or purulent, and whose volume and character provide information about wound status

"The increase in purulent wound exudate, combined with surrounding erythema and patient-reported pain, suggested wound infection requiring a wound swab."

"compression hosiery"

Medical-grade graduated stockings or socks that apply controlled pressure to the lower limb to improve venous return and prevent oedema and ulcer recurrence

"Once the venous leg ulcer had healed, the nurse fitted the patient with Class 2 compression hosiery and educated her on how to don and doff it safely every day."

"ABCDE criteria"

A widely used mnemonic for melanoma detection: Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Colour variation, Diameter greater than 6 mm, and Evolving changes in size, shape, or colour

"During the skin cancer screening clinic, the nurse used the ABCDE criteria to identify a suspicious pigmented lesion on the patient's upper back and urgently referred her to the dermatologist."

"basal cell carcinoma"

The most common form of skin cancer, arising from basal cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis, typically slow-growing and rarely metastatic but capable of significant local tissue destruction

"The nurse explained to the patient that his basal cell carcinoma would be treated with surgical excision under local anaesthetic as a day procedure."

"squamous cell carcinoma"

A malignant tumour of epidermal keratinocytes that carries a small but real risk of metastasis, particularly when it arises on the lip, ear, or in immunosuppressed patients

"The transplant nurse flagged an ulcerated lesion on the patient's temple for urgent review, suspecting squamous cell carcinoma in the context of long-term immunosuppression."

"punch biopsy"

A minor surgical procedure in which a circular cutting tool is used to remove a small cylindrical core of skin tissue for histological examination

"The dermatology nurse obtained a 4 mm punch biopsy from the centre of the suspicious plaque under local anaesthetic and sent it to the laboratory for histology."

"excision biopsy"

The complete surgical removal of a lesion with a margin of surrounding normal tissue, serving both as a diagnostic procedure and as initial treatment

"The consultant planned an excision biopsy with 2 mm margins for the clinically suspicious pigmented lesion, to be performed in the minor surgery suite."

"sentinel lymph node biopsy"

A procedure to identify and remove the first lymph node(s) to which a melanoma is likely to have spread, used for staging and guiding further treatment

"The melanoma nurse specialist discussed the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure with the patient, explaining that it would help determine whether the cancer had reached the lymphatic system."

"excision margin"

The rim of normal tissue removed around a skin lesion during surgical excision, measured in millimetres, whose adequacy determines the completeness of tumour removal

"The histology report confirmed clear excision margins of 3 mm around the basal cell carcinoma, suggesting no further surgery was required."

"curettage and cautery"

A minor dermatological procedure in which a lesion is scraped away with a curette and the wound base is then cauterised with heat or chemical agents to destroy residual abnormal cells

"For the small superficial basal cell carcinoma on the patient's back, the dermatologist recommended curettage and cautery as a quick and effective treatment option."

"narrowband UVB therapy"

A form of phototherapy using a specific wavelength of ultraviolet B light (311–313 nm) that is effective for psoriasis, vitiligo, and atopic dermatitis with a favourable safety profile

"The nurse scheduled the patient for narrowband UVB therapy three times weekly, explaining that a course of 20–30 sessions was usually required to achieve clearance."

"PUVA therapy"

A phototherapy technique combining a psoralen photosensitising drug with UVA light exposure, used for severe psoriasis, mycosis fungoides, and refractory eczema

"The nurse provided pre-treatment counselling before starting PUVA therapy, advising the patient to wear UV-protective eyewear for 24 hours after each session."

"minimal erythema dose"

The lowest dose of ultraviolet radiation that produces a barely perceptible redness on an individual's skin within 24 hours, used to calibrate the starting dose for phototherapy

"A minimal erythema dose test was performed on unexposed skin on the patient's inner arm before commencing the phototherapy programme."

"biologic therapy"

A class of complex protein-based medicines derived from living organisms that target specific components of the immune system involved in chronic inflammatory skin diseases

"The specialist nurse explained to the patient that biologic therapy worked by blocking a specific protein involved in the inflammatory pathway driving his psoriasis."

"interleukin inhibitor"

A type of biologic drug that blocks the action of specific interleukins — signalling proteins of the immune system — such as IL-17A or IL-23, to reduce skin inflammation

"The patient was initiated on an interleukin inhibitor targeting IL-17A after failing conventional systemic therapy for his severe plaque psoriasis."

"adverse reaction monitoring"

The systematic clinical surveillance and laboratory testing performed to detect unwanted or harmful effects from dermatological treatments including biologics and phototherapy

"As part of the biologic programme, the nurse conducted adverse reaction monitoring with quarterly blood tests and reviewed any new infections or symptoms at each visit."

"Janus kinase inhibitor"

A small molecule drug that blocks intracellular JAK signalling pathways involved in inflammation, used orally for conditions including atopic dermatitis and alopecia areata

"The dermatology nurse counselled the patient starting a Janus kinase inhibitor on the importance of not stopping the drug abruptly and of reporting any signs of infection promptly."

"photosensitivity"

An abnormal heightened sensitivity of the skin to ultraviolet or visible light, which can be caused by skin conditions, drugs, or photosensitising agents used in phototherapy

"The nurse documented the patient's photosensitivity reaction to a newly prescribed antibiotic and contacted the prescriber to discuss an alternative before the phototherapy session."

"trigger avoidance"

The identification and elimination of environmental, dietary, or lifestyle factors that provoke or worsen a patient's skin condition, forming a key part of self-management education

"The nurse developed a personalised trigger avoidance plan with the patient, identifying house dust mites, certain fabrics, and fragranced detergents as her main eczema triggers."

"treatment adherence"

The degree to which a patient follows the prescribed treatment regimen, including correct application technique, frequency, and duration of topical and systemic therapies

"Poor treatment adherence was identified as the main reason for the patient's repeated flares; the nurse arranged a demonstration session to reinforce correct emollient application technique."

"step-up therapy"

The escalation to a more intensive or potent treatment when a patient's skin condition does not respond adequately to the current level of management

"After six weeks with insufficient improvement, the dermatologist decided to step-up therapy from a mild topical steroid to a moderate-potency preparation."

"photoprotection"

Measures taken to protect the skin from ultraviolet radiation, including sunscreen application, protective clothing, and sun avoidance, particularly important following skin cancer treatment

"The nurse reinforced photoprotection advice after the patient's melanoma excision, recommending SPF 50+ sunscreen, UV-protective clothing, and avoidance of midday sun."

"dermatology life quality index"

A validated patient-reported outcome questionnaire measuring the impact of skin disease on a patient's quality of life across six domains over the preceding week

"The patient completed a dermatology life quality index questionnaire at each clinic visit, allowing the team to track how his psoriasis affected his work, relationships, and leisure activities."

"psychodermatology"

The subspecialty addressing the bidirectional relationship between psychological factors and skin conditions, including the impact of stress on disease activity and the emotional consequences of visible skin disorders

"The nurse referred the patient to the psychodermatology service after she disclosed significant anxiety and social withdrawal related to her visible facial rosacea."

"skin care routine"

A prescribed sequence of daily cleansing, moisturising, and treatment application steps tailored to the patient's diagnosis, skin type, and current treatment plan

"The nurse wrote out a clear step-by-step skin care routine for the patient, specifying the order of products, quantities, and the required time intervals between applications."

"concordance"

An approach to treatment decision-making in which the clinician and patient collaborate as equal partners, respecting patient values and preferences to agree on a jointly acceptable treatment plan

"Rather than simply prescribing a new regimen, the nurse used a concordance model, asking the patient what had worked before and what barriers she had experienced with previous treatments."