Ударение в английском: правила, схемы и примеры

2-слог. сущ.

"PREsent"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"Here is your PREsent — happy birthday!"

2-слог. сущ.

"PROtest"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"The PROtest outside the building lasted all day."

2-слог. сущ.

"REcord"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"She broke the world REcord last night."

2-слог. сущ.

"OBject"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"What is that strange OBject on the shelf?"

2-слог. сущ.

"PERmit"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"You need a PERmit to park here."

2-слог. сущ.

"CONtent"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"The CONtent of this book is very interesting."

2-слог. сущ.

"IMport"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"Coffee is one of Brazil's biggest IMports."

2-слог. сущ.

"CONduct"

stress on first syllable (noun)

"His CONduct at the meeting was professional."

2-слог. глаг.

"preSENT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"She will preSENT her findings tomorrow."

2-слог. глаг.

"proTEST"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"Students proTESTed against the new rule."

2-слог. глаг.

"reCORD"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"Please reCORD the meeting for later."

2-слог. глаг.

"obJECT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"Do you obJECT to the proposal?"

2-слог. глаг.

"perMIT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"They will not perMIT entry without ID."

2-слог. глаг.

"conTENT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"She conTENTed herself with a small victory."

2-слог. глаг.

"imPORT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"We imPORT most of our electronics from Asia."

2-слог. глаг.

"conDUCT"

stress on second syllable (verb)

"He conDUCTed the orchestra brilliantly."

3-слог. слова

"PHOtograph"

stress on first syllable

"Look at this beautiful PHOtograph from my trip."

3-слог. слова

"phoTOgrapher"

stress on second syllable

"She works as a professional phoTOgrapher."

3-слог. слова

"photoGRAPHic"

stress on third syllable

"He has a photoGRAPHic memory for faces."

3-слог. слова

"ECOnomy"

stress on second syllable

"The ECOnomy grew by three percent last year."

3-слог. слова

"ecoNOmic"

stress on third syllable

"The ecoNOmic report will be released on Friday."

3-слог. слова

"comPUter"

stress on second syllable

"My comPUter crashed during the presentation."

3-слог. слова

"UNiverse"

stress on first syllable

"Scientists study the origins of the UNiverse."

3-слог. слова

"uniVERsal"

stress on third syllable

"Music has a uniVERsal appeal across cultures."

Сложн. слова

"BLACKbird"

compound noun — stress on first element

"I saw a BLACKbird in the garden this morning."

Сложн. слова

"GREENhouse"

compound noun — stress on first element

"They grow tomatoes in the GREENhouse all year."

Сложн. слова

"CARpark"

compound noun — stress on first element

"The CARpark behind the mall is always full."

Сложн. слова

"LANDlord"

compound noun — stress on first element

"My LANDlord fixed the heating last week."

Сложн. слова

"HANDbag"

compound noun — stress on first element

"She lost her HANDbag on the train."

Сложн. слова

"HEADmaster"

compound noun — stress on first element

"The HEADmaster addressed the students at assembly."

Сложн. слова

"WATERfall"

compound noun — stress on first element

"The WATERfall was visible from a mile away."

Сложн. слова

"BREAKfast"

compound noun — stress on first element

"She eats BREAKfast at exactly seven every morning."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-TION / -SION words"

stress always on syllable before -tion/-sion

"inforMAtion, educAtion, permISsion — the syllable before -tion takes stress."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-IC words"

stress on syllable before -ic

"ecoNOMic, photoGRAPHic, geograPHIc — -ic pulls stress one syllable back."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-ITY words"

stress on syllable before -ity

"flexiBIlity, posSIbility, abilITY — always the syllable directly before -ity."

Приставки/суффиксы

"re- prefix"

usually unstressed prefix, verb stress on root

"reTURN, rePEAT, reCORD — the re- prefix is typically light."

Приставки/суффиксы

"un- prefix"

usually unstressed prefix

"unHAPpy, unFAIR, unBELievable — stress falls on the root syllable."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-ATE verbs"

three-syllable -ate verbs: stress on first

"EDucate, ANimate, ORganize follow this pattern."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-ATE nouns/adj"

two-syllable -ate: stress on first

"CLImate, DELicate, ACcurate — -ate as noun/adj has first-syllable stress."

Приставки/суффиксы

"-OLOGY words"

stress two syllables before -ology

"biOLogy, psSYchology, techNOlogy — the -ol- syllable carries stress."

Фразовое ударение

"Content words"

nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs carry stress

""I BOUGHT a NEW CAR yesterday" — BOUGHT, NEW, CAR carry the main beats."

Фразовое ударение

"Function words"

articles, prepositions, pronouns are usually weak

""I'm going to the store" — to, the are reduced to /tə/, /ðə/."

Фразовое ударение

"Contrastive stress"

stress shifts to contrast information

""I said TUESDAY, not Wednesday" — TUESDAY is stressed for contrast."

Фразовое ударение

"New information"

brand-new information gets the strongest stress

""There's a SPIDER on your shoulder" — SPIDER is new and heavily stressed."

Фразовое ударение

"Tonic syllable"

last major stress in a sentence — carries pitch change

""She went to PARIS last YEAR" — YEAR is the tonic, carrying the pitch nucleus."

Фразовое ударение

"Weak forms"

common words reduce in natural speech

""can" → /kən/, "and" → /ən/, "of" → /əv/ in connected speech."

Фразовое ударение

"Focus stress"

stress on a word to show it is the focus

""SHE didn't eat it" vs "She DIDN'T eat it" — stress changes meaning."

Фразовое ударение

"Rhythm and beats"

English is stress-timed: stressed syllables recur at intervals

""The CAT sat on the MAT" — two beats regardless of unstressed syllables between them."