ビジネス英語語彙：必須48語
このガイドでは、ビジネスの6つの主要分野にわたる48の重要なビジネス英語用語を紹介します。国際企業での就職準備をしている方にも、英語話者の同僚と働いている方にも、会議やメールで自信を持って話したい方にも最適です。各用語にはわかりやすい英語の定義と本物のビジネスシーンからの例文が付いています。
48 terms · 6 topics
"touch base"
To make brief contact with someone to share updates or check on progress.
"Let's touch base on Thursday to see where we stand with the proposal."
"table an item"
In American English, to postpone discussion; in British English, to raise an item for immediate discussion. Context matters.
"We tabled the budget question until more data was available."
"action items"
Specific tasks assigned during a meeting, with owners and deadlines, that must be completed before the next meeting.
"Before we wrap up, let's confirm all action items and who is responsible for each."
"take something offline"
To move a detailed or sensitive discussion out of the current meeting to a smaller or private setting.
"That's a great point — can we take it offline so we don't lose the group's time?"
"circle back"
To return to a topic or person at a later point, usually after gathering more information.
"I don't have the figures with me right now — I'll circle back to you by end of day."
"deal-breaker"
A condition or factor so important that if it is not met, the negotiation or agreement will fail.
"A shorter payment term was a deal-breaker for the supplier, so we had to compromise."
"walk away point"
The limit beyond which one party will refuse to negotiate and will terminate the deal.
"Before entering the negotiation, define your walk away point to avoid making costly concessions."
"meeting cadence"
The regular frequency and rhythm at which a team schedules recurring meetings.
"The project team established a weekly meeting cadence to track milestones and resolve blockers."
"core competency"
A defining capability or strength that gives a company a competitive advantage and is central to its identity.
"Their core competency in supply chain logistics allows them to undercut rivals on price."
"KPI (Key Performance Indicator)"
A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively a company or individual is achieving key business objectives.
"Customer retention rate is one of our most important KPIs this quarter."
"pivot"
A fundamental shift in a business's strategy, product, or target market in response to feedback or changing conditions.
"After losing three major clients, the agency decided to pivot from print to digital services."
"scalability"
The ability of a business or system to grow and handle increased demand without proportional increases in cost or effort.
"The SaaS model offers high scalability — adding new users costs almost nothing once the platform is built."
"go-to-market strategy"
The plan a company uses to launch a product or service, covering target customers, pricing, distribution, and messaging.
"They developed a detailed go-to-market strategy before launching in three new countries simultaneously."
"SWOT analysis"
A strategic framework evaluating a company's Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.
"The SWOT analysis revealed that their main weakness was over-reliance on a single supplier."
"roadmap"
A high-level visual plan that outlines the goals, milestones, and timeline for a product or business initiative.
"The product roadmap showed three major feature releases planned across the coming year."
"value proposition"
A clear statement of the unique benefit a product or service delivers to customers and why they should choose it over alternatives.
"Their value proposition — same-day delivery for less than competitors — resonated strongly with urban shoppers."
"conversion rate"
The percentage of potential customers who take a desired action — such as making a purchase or signing up.
"After redesigning the landing page, the conversion rate jumped from 2% to 5.8%."
"lead generation"
The process of attracting and identifying prospective customers who have shown interest in a product or service.
"The new webinar series proved to be an effective lead generation tool, bringing in 400 new contacts."
"customer lifetime value (CLV)"
The total revenue a business can expect from a single customer account over the entire duration of the relationship.
"By improving onboarding, they raised average CLV by 30% in just one year."
"B2B vs B2C"
Business-to-Business (selling to companies) versus Business-to-Consumer (selling directly to individuals).
"The firm operates in both B2B and B2C markets, selling wholesale to retailers and direct online."
"cold outreach"
Contacting a potential customer who has had no prior interaction with your company, typically by email or phone.
"The sales team sent 500 personalised cold outreach emails and booked 40 discovery calls."
"upsell"
Encouraging an existing customer to purchase a more expensive product or add-on to what they already intend to buy.
"The account manager successfully upsold the client from the basic plan to the enterprise tier."
"churn rate"
The percentage of customers or subscribers who stop using a company's service during a given time period.
"The high churn rate in Q1 signalled that the product was not meeting customer expectations."
"brand awareness"
The extent to which consumers recognise and are familiar with a company's brand, logo, or products.
"The sponsorship deal significantly increased brand awareness among 18–34-year-old audiences."
"deliverable"
A tangible output or result that a team must produce and hand over by a specific deadline as part of a project.
"The first deliverable is a detailed market research report due by the end of next month."
"bandwidth"
The capacity of a person or team to take on more work, used metaphorically in business to mean availability.
"I don't have the bandwidth to take on another project until the product launch is complete."
"bottleneck"
A point in a workflow where the flow of work is slowed or blocked, limiting overall productivity.
"The approval process was a major bottleneck — every change required sign-off from three departments."
"agile methodology"
An iterative approach to project management that delivers work in short cycles (sprints) and adapts quickly to change.
"The development team switched to agile methodology to respond faster to user feedback."
"scope creep"
The gradual, uncontrolled expansion of a project's requirements beyond its original objectives, often increasing cost and time.
"Scope creep added three extra months to the timeline because new features kept being requested mid-project."
"outsourcing"
Hiring an external company or individual to perform a function or service that could be done internally.
"The firm reduced overhead by outsourcing its IT support and accounting to specialist providers."
"stakeholder"
Any individual, group, or organisation with an interest in a project or business decision and who may affect or be affected by its outcome.
"We held a stakeholder briefing to align all parties before the restructuring announcement."
"SLA (Service Level Agreement)"
A contract defining the expected level of service — including response times and quality standards — between a provider and client.
"The SLA guaranteed a maximum four-hour response time for critical system outages."
"per my last email"
A phrase referencing a previous email, often used to politely point out that the information was already provided.
"Per my last email, the deadline was moved to Friday — please confirm you have updated your schedule."
"as per"
In accordance with; used in formal business writing to reference a document, instruction, or previous communication.
"As per the contract, all invoices must be submitted within 30 days of service delivery."
"executive summary"
A short section at the beginning of a business report that highlights the key points for busy senior readers.
"The board only had time to review the executive summary before the vote."
"cc / bcc"
Carbon copy (visible to all) and blind carbon copy (hidden) fields in an email, used to keep others informed.
"Please cc the project manager on all client emails so she stays in the loop."
"read the room"
To correctly sense and respond to the mood, attitude, or unspoken expectations of the people in a meeting or situation.
"He pushed too hard on pricing without reading the room — the client was clearly uncomfortable."
"on the same page"
When all parties share the same understanding, goals, or expectations about something.
"Before we start the project, let's make sure everyone is on the same page about the budget."
"keep in the loop"
To continue providing someone with updates and information about a situation or project.
"Please keep me in the loop on the supplier negotiations — I may need to escalate."
"boilerplate"
Standard, pre-written text or clauses used repeatedly in contracts, emails, or communications without customisation.
"The legal team sent the boilerplate NDA for the client to sign before the briefing."
"bottom line"
The final figure in a financial statement showing net profit or loss; also used figuratively to mean the most important point.
"The bottom line is that we need to cut costs by 15% before the end of the financial year."
"burn rate"
The pace at which a company spends its cash reserves, often used for startups to measure how long funding will last.
"With a monthly burn rate of $200,000 and only six months of cash left, the startup urgently needed new investment."
"overhead"
Ongoing fixed business costs not directly tied to producing a product or service, such as rent, utilities, and admin salaries.
"Relocating to a smaller office would significantly reduce our monthly overhead."
"profit margin"
The percentage of revenue remaining as profit after costs are deducted — a key measure of business efficiency and pricing power.
"Their 38% profit margin was well above the industry average of 22%."
"cash flow"
The movement of money into and out of a business over a period; positive cash flow means more coming in than going out.
"Despite being profitable on paper, the business struggled with cash flow due to slow-paying clients."
"ROI (Return on Investment)"
A performance measure comparing the gain from an investment against its cost, expressed as a percentage.
"The marketing campaign delivered a 320% ROI — every dollar spent brought back over three in revenue."
"variance"
The difference between a budgeted, planned, or standard amount and the actual amount incurred or achieved.
"The finance team investigated a $50,000 variance between the projected and actual IT costs."
"run rate"
An estimate of future financial performance based on extrapolating current results across a full period.
"Based on Q1 sales, the company has a run rate of $4 million for the year."
よくある質問
なぜビジネス英語語彙は非ネイティブにとって重要なのですか？
多国籍企業、海外のクライアント、グローバルな会議はすべて主に英語で運営されています。ビジネス英語語彙が豊富なら、交渉に自信を持って参加し、説得力のあるメールを書き、財務報告書を理解できます。英語力はキャリアアップと収入に直結することが多くの研究で示されています。
「revenue」と「profit」の違いは何ですか？
「revenue」（「turnover」や「top line」とも言う）は、費用を差し引く前の企業の売上総収入です。「profit」（「bottom line」）は、給与・家賃・材料費・税金などすべての費用を差し引いた後に残るものです。費用が高すぎると収益が高くても損失が出ることがあるため、どちらの数字も重要です。
ビジネスの会議でより自然に聞こえるにはどうすればよいですか？
直訳するのではなく、ネイティブが使うイディオムを覚えることが重要です。「circle back」「take it offline」「on the same page」「keep me in the loop」などのフレーズはとても自然に聞こえます。ビジネスポッドキャストを聴いたり、決算説明会の動画をYouTubeで視聴したり、本物のビジネス英語を使うパートナーと練習したりすると効果的です。
「scalability」とは何を意味し、なぜビジネスでこれほど使われるのですか？
「scalability」（スケーラビリティ）とは、コストの比例増加なしに収益を拡大できる企業の能力のことです。例えば、ソフトウェアプラットフォームは同じインフラで10人でも1000万人でも対応できます。これは非常に高いスケーラビリティです。この言葉はテックスタートアップとSaaSビジネスの台頭とともに広まり、今ではあらゆる業界で使われています。
最初に覚えるべきビジネス英語の最重要用語は何ですか？
まず日常的な機能語彙から始めましょう：「follow up」「action items」「deliverable」「stakeholder」「KPI」。これらはほぼあらゆる職業的文脈で登場します。次に財務の基礎を学びましょう：「cash flow」「profit margin」「budget」「ROI」。基礎を固めたら、自分の専門分野（マーケティング、業務、企業コミュニケーションなど）の語彙に広げていきましょう。
語彙は実際の会話の中で聞くと最も速く定着します。当サイトの動画ライブラリには、インタラクティブな字幕と理解度練習問題を備えた本物のビジネス英語コンテンツが揃っています。
動画で練習する →