地域看護英語：必須語彙とフレーズ

"home visit"

A scheduled nursing assessment or treatment provided at a patient's residence rather than a clinic.

"The district nurse arranged a home visit to check the patient's wound dressing and vital signs."

"caseload"

The total number of patients currently under the care of a community nurse.

"Increasing her caseload from 20 to 35 patients put significant pressure on her daily schedule."

"risk assessment"

A structured evaluation of potential hazards in the patient's home environment or clinical condition.

"The nurse carried out a falls risk assessment before leaving the patient alone after surgery."

"lone worker protocol"

A safety procedure ensuring nurses visiting patients alone can raise an alarm if needed.

"She followed the lone worker protocol by texting her supervisor before and after every visit."

"initial assessment"

The first comprehensive evaluation of a new patient's health needs, environment, and support network.

"The initial assessment revealed that the patient had no family nearby and needed daily nursing support."

"referral"

A formal request to transfer a patient's care to another healthcare professional or service.

"The GP sent a referral to the community nursing team after the patient was discharged from hospital."

"nursing notes"

Written records documenting observations, interventions, and patient responses during each visit.

"Clear nursing notes are essential for continuity of care when different nurses visit the same patient."

"patient-held records"

Medical documents kept at the patient's home so any visiting clinician can review the care history.

"The patient-held records were kept in a folder by the front door so every nurse could check them easily."

"wound bed preparation"

Optimising the wound base by removing dead tissue and managing exudate to promote healing.

"Good wound bed preparation, including debridement, significantly reduced the time to closure."

"debridement"

The removal of dead, damaged, or infected tissue to expose healthy tissue underneath.

"The nurse used autolytic debridement with a hydrogel dressing to soften and remove the slough."

"exudate"

Fluid that seeps from a wound, which can be serous, sanguineous, or purulent depending on the stage of healing.

"Heavy exudate was managed with an absorbent foam dressing changed every two days."

"pressure ulcer"

A localised injury to skin or underlying tissue caused by prolonged pressure, usually over bony prominences.

"A grade 3 pressure ulcer developed on the patient's sacrum after spending too much time in bed."

"moisture-retentive dressing"

A dressing that keeps the wound environment moist to support cell migration and faster healing.

"A moisture-retentive dressing was applied to the leg ulcer to encourage granulation tissue growth."

"leg ulcer"

A break in the skin below the knee that fails to heal, often caused by venous insufficiency or arterial disease.

"She had been living with a chronic venous leg ulcer for six months before the community nurse intervened."

"ABPI (ankle-brachial pressure index)"

A ratio comparing blood pressure at the ankle and arm used to detect peripheral arterial disease before compression therapy.

"An ABPI of 0.8 indicated moderate arterial disease, so high-compression bandaging was contraindicated."

"compression bandaging"

A layered bandage system applied to the lower leg to improve venous return and reduce oedema.

"Four-layer compression bandaging was applied weekly, and the ulcer reduced in size within a month."

"long-term condition (LTC)"

A health problem that cannot currently be cured but can be controlled by medication and self-management over many years.

"Diabetes, COPD, and heart failure are the three most common long-term conditions on her caseload."

"self-management support"

Education and resources that enable patients to monitor their own condition and respond to changes.

"Self-management support for COPD patients included teaching them how to use a peak flow meter at home."

"medication review"

A structured evaluation of all medicines a patient takes to ensure appropriateness, safety, and adherence.

"The community nurse flagged the medication review as urgent because the patient was taking duplicate antihypertensives."

"concordance"

Agreement between patient and clinician on a treatment plan that the patient is both willing and able to follow.

"Achieving concordance was difficult because the patient disagreed with the prescribed insulin regimen."

"exacerbation"

A sudden worsening of a chronic condition, often requiring urgent intervention or hospitalisation.

"The patient called the nursing hotline during an acute COPD exacerbation, and a nurse visited within the hour."

"care plan"

A written document outlining the patient's goals, interventions, and review dates across all health and social care needs.

"The multidisciplinary team updated the care plan after the patient's mobility deteriorated significantly."

"HbA1c"

A blood test measuring average blood glucose over the past 2–3 months, used to monitor diabetes management.

"His HbA1c had risen to 78 mmol/mol, so the nurse escalated him to the GP for medication adjustment."

"polypharmacy"

The concurrent use of five or more medications, which increases the risk of interactions and adverse effects.

"With nine regular medications, polypharmacy was a major concern during the patient's home assessment."

"advance care plan (ACP)"

A document recording a patient's wishes for future care, particularly if they lose capacity to decide.

"The advance care plan clearly stated that the patient wished to die at home with family present."

"syringe driver"

A portable device that delivers a continuous subcutaneous infusion of medication, often used in terminal care.

"The nurse set up a syringe driver with morphine and midazolam to control pain and agitation overnight."

"preferred place of death"

The location—home, hospice, or hospital—that a patient chooses in advance for end-of-life care.

"Documenting the patient's preferred place of death ensured the whole team respected her wish to stay home."

"anticipatory prescribing"

Prescribing and dispensing medications in advance so nurses can administer them promptly when symptoms arise.

"Anticipatory prescribing meant that when breakthrough pain occurred at 2 a.m., the nurse could act immediately."

"Gold Standards Framework (GSF)"

A UK programme helping primary care teams identify and plan ahead for patients in the last year of life.

"All patients on the GSF register received monthly multidisciplinary team reviews to update their care plans."

"terminal agitation"

Restlessness, distress, or confusion in the final hours or days of life, requiring careful symptom management.

"Terminal agitation was managed with a low-dose midazolam infusion via the syringe driver."

"Do Not Attempt Resuscitation (DNAR)"

A clinical decision, agreed with the patient where possible, that CPR should not be attempted if the heart stops.

"The DNAR form was signed and placed in the patient-held records so paramedics would be aware of the decision."

"bereavement support"

Services or resources offered to family members after a patient's death to help them cope with grief.

"The community nurse followed up with the family two weeks after the death to signpost bereavement support services."

"safeguarding concern"

A situation where a nurse suspects that a vulnerable adult or child is at risk of abuse, neglect, or harm.

"She raised a safeguarding concern after noticing unexplained bruising on an elderly patient with dementia."

"mental capacity assessment"

An evaluation of whether a patient can understand, retain, weigh, and communicate a specific decision.

"A mental capacity assessment was required before the patient's family could consent on her behalf."

"Deprivation of Liberty Safeguards (DoLS)"

Legal safeguards in England and Wales to protect people who lack mental capacity and are subject to restrictions on their freedom.

"A DoLS application was submitted to the local authority because the patient's freedom of movement was restricted."

"domestic abuse"

A pattern of controlling or coercive behaviour, violence, or abuse between intimate partners or family members.

"Training helped community nurses identify signs of domestic abuse that patients might not disclose directly."

"social isolation"

A lack of meaningful social contact that adversely affects a person's physical and mental wellbeing.

"The nurse referred the housebound patient to a befriending service to address severe social isolation."

"crisis intervention"

Immediate, short-term support provided to a person experiencing an acute mental health episode.

"The mental health crisis intervention team was called after the patient expressed suicidal ideation during a visit."

"safeguarding adults review (SAR)"

A multi-agency review conducted when a vulnerable adult has died or suffered serious harm and abuse or neglect is known or suspected.

"The safeguarding adults review identified communication failures between nursing and social care teams."

"self-neglect"

A failure to meet one's own basic needs for food, hygiene, shelter, or medical care, often linked to mental illness or cognitive impairment.

"The nurse documented concerns about self-neglect after finding the patient had not eaten for three days."

"indwelling urinary catheter"

A flexible tube inserted through the urethra into the bladder to drain urine continuously, left in place long-term.

"The patient had an indwelling urinary catheter following prostate surgery, which the district nurse changed monthly."

"catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI)"

A urinary tract infection linked to the presence of an indwelling catheter, a common and preventable complication.

"Strict aseptic technique during catheter changes reduced the incidence of CAUTI on the caseload."

"aseptic non-touch technique (ANTT)"

A clinical practice framework for maintaining sterility during invasive procedures without touching key parts.

"ANTT was used throughout the catheter change to prevent introducing bacteria into the urinary tract."

"bladder irrigation"

The flushing of the bladder with sterile fluid to clear blood clots or debris and maintain catheter patency.

"Continuous bladder irrigation was prescribed after the patient's transurethral resection of the prostate."

"suprapubic catheter"

A catheter inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the bladder, used when urethral catheterisation is not possible.

"The patient preferred the suprapubic catheter because it caused less discomfort during daily activity."

"urinary incontinence"

The involuntary leakage of urine, which can be stress, urge, mixed, or overflow type.

"She was referred to the continence clinic after the nurse identified mixed urinary incontinence on assessment."

"bladder diary"

A patient-completed record of fluid intake, voiding times, and leakage episodes used to diagnose continence problems.

"The three-day bladder diary showed the patient was voiding every 40 minutes, consistent with overactive bladder."

"pelvic floor exercises"

Contractions of the pelvic floor muscles, prescribed to strengthen them and reduce stress urinary incontinence.

"The nurse taught pelvic floor exercises and advised the patient to perform them three times a day."