人事担当者のための英語

"talent pipeline"

A pool of pre-screened candidates who are ready and available to fill future job openings at an organisation.

"We built a strong talent pipeline so we can fill senior roles within two weeks of an opening arising."

"applicant tracking system (ATS)"

Software that automates the management of job applications and candidate data throughout the recruitment process.

"Our applicant tracking system filters CVs by keyword before the recruiter reviews them manually."

"competency-based interview"

A structured interview format in which candidates are asked to give specific examples of past behaviour that demonstrate required competencies.

"The hiring manager used a competency-based interview to assess how each candidate handled conflict."

"headhunting"

The proactive recruitment of high-calibre candidates who are not actively seeking a new role, typically for senior positions.

"The company resorted to headhunting after failing to find a suitable CFO through traditional advertising."

"offer letter"

A formal written document from an employer extending a job offer to a candidate, outlining the proposed terms of employment.

"We sent the offer letter on Friday and asked the candidate to confirm acceptance by the following Wednesday."

"reference check"

The process of contacting a candidate's previous employers or colleagues to verify their work history and professional character.

"The conditional job offer was subject to a satisfactory reference check from the candidate's last two managers."

"onboarding"

The structured process of integrating a new employee into the organisation, covering orientation, training, and cultural acclimatisation.

"A well-designed onboarding programme reduces new-hire turnover significantly in the first ninety days."

"employer branding"

The reputation and image of an organisation as a place to work, used to attract and retain top talent.

"Investing in employer branding helped us receive 40% more applications for every vacancy we advertised."

"key performance indicator (KPI)"

A measurable value that demonstrates how effectively an employee or organisation is achieving a stated business objective.

"The sales team's key performance indicator for Q3 was a 15% increase in new customer acquisitions."

"360-degree feedback"

A performance appraisal method in which an employee receives structured feedback from their manager, peers, direct reports, and sometimes customers.

"The 360-degree feedback process revealed that the manager needed to improve active listening skills."

"performance improvement plan (PIP)"

A formal document outlining specific areas where an employee must improve, with measurable targets and a set timeframe.

"After two quarters of missed targets, the team leader was placed on a performance improvement plan."

"SMART goals"

Objectives that are Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound, used to guide employee development.

"We asked every employee to set SMART goals during the annual planning cycle to align individual effort with company strategy."

"appraisal cycle"

The regular schedule — typically annual or biannual — on which formal performance reviews and ratings are conducted.

"The midyear check-in is an informal touchpoint within our annual appraisal cycle."

"calibration session"

A meeting in which managers compare and align their performance ratings to ensure consistency and fairness across teams.

"Before finalising ratings, all department heads attended a calibration session to reduce unconscious bias."

"bell curve distribution"

A forced rating method where employee performance scores are distributed across a pre-set normal distribution curve.

"The company abandoned the bell curve distribution after finding it damaged team collaboration."

"continuous feedback"

An ongoing approach to performance conversations where managers provide frequent, real-time coaching rather than waiting for scheduled reviews.

"Switching to continuous feedback allowed us to address skill gaps before they became serious performance issues."

"grievance procedure"

A formal process by which an employee can raise a complaint about their working conditions, treatment, or colleagues.

"The employee submitted a grievance procedure form after their flexible working request was refused without explanation."

"disciplinary action"

A formal response by an employer to an employee's misconduct or repeated poor performance, ranging from a verbal warning to dismissal.

"A final written warning was issued as disciplinary action after the third incident of unauthorised absence."

"collective bargaining"

A negotiation process between an employer and a trade union representing employees to agree on pay, working conditions, and other terms.

"The wage increase was agreed through collective bargaining and applied to all workers covered by the union agreement."

"constructive dismissal"

A situation in which an employer's conduct forces an employee to resign, which the law treats as equivalent to unfair dismissal.

"The tribunal found that the sudden removal of her management responsibilities amounted to constructive dismissal."

"mediation"

A voluntary, confidential process in which a neutral third party helps two parties in a workplace dispute to reach a mutually acceptable agreement.

"Before escalating to a formal hearing, both parties agreed to try mediation to resolve the interpersonal conflict."

"redundancy"

The termination of employment because a role is no longer needed, usually due to restructuring, cost-cutting, or technological change.

"The company announced twenty redundancies as part of a wider organisational restructure."

"whistleblowing"

The act of an employee reporting illegal, unethical, or unsafe practices within their organisation to an internal or external authority.

"The company's whistleblowing policy encourages staff to report fraud without fear of retaliation."

"exit interview"

A structured conversation with a departing employee to understand their reasons for leaving and gather feedback about the organisation.

"The exit interview revealed that three departing employees cited poor work-life balance as their primary reason for resigning."

"total compensation package"

The full value of everything an employee receives from their employer, including base salary, bonuses, benefits, and non-cash perks.

"When comparing offers, candidates should evaluate the total compensation package, not just the base salary."

"pay equity"

The principle that employees receive equal pay for equal work or work of equal value, regardless of gender, race, or other protected characteristics.

"The HR team conducted a pay equity audit to identify and close unexplained wage gaps across the organisation."

"variable pay"

Compensation that fluctuates based on individual, team, or company performance, such as bonuses, commissions, or profit-sharing.

"Sales staff receive a modest base salary supplemented by significant variable pay tied to quarterly targets."

"salary band"

A predefined range of pay for a particular job level or grade within an organisation's compensation structure.

"The role falls within salary band 4, with a range of £45,000 to £55,000 depending on experience."

"benefits in kind"

Non-cash perks provided by an employer, such as a company car, private health insurance, or subsidised meals.

"The relocation package included several benefits in kind, such as a company car and private medical cover."

"equity compensation"

A form of non-cash remuneration that gives employees ownership interest in the company, typically through stock options or restricted stock units.

"The tech startup used equity compensation to attract senior engineers despite offering below-market salaries."

"benchmarking"

The process of comparing an organisation's pay and benefits against market data to ensure competitiveness in attracting and retaining talent.

"HR used salary benchmarking data from three industry surveys to redesign the company's compensation framework."

"pay transparency"

The practice of openly sharing information about employee pay, pay ranges, or the criteria used to determine compensation.

"The new pay transparency policy requires managers to share salary bands with candidates at the first interview stage."

"learning management system (LMS)"

Software used to create, deliver, track, and manage employee training programmes and e-learning content.

"All mandatory compliance modules are hosted on the learning management system and must be completed by new starters within thirty days."

"skills gap analysis"

An assessment that compares the competencies employees currently have with those the organisation needs to achieve its strategic goals.

"The skills gap analysis showed that our digital marketing team lacked data analytics capabilities critical for the new strategy."

"succession planning"

The process of identifying and preparing internal candidates to fill key leadership or critical roles when they become vacant.

"Effective succession planning ensured a smooth handover when the Chief Operations Officer retired unexpectedly."

"mentoring"

A developmental relationship in which a more experienced person (mentor) guides and supports the professional growth of a less experienced individual (mentee).

"The graduate mentoring programme pairs each new analyst with a senior manager for twelve months of guided development."

"coaching"

A structured, goal-oriented conversation process in which a coach helps an individual unlock their potential and improve their performance.

"Executive coaching was offered to all newly promoted directors to help them transition into their leadership roles."

"blended learning"

An educational approach that combines in-person instruction with online or self-paced digital learning activities.

"The compliance training was redesigned as blended learning to reduce classroom time without compromising content quality."

"return on investment (ROI) of training"

A measure of the financial and business benefit achieved from a learning programme relative to its cost.

"The HR director struggled to demonstrate the return on investment of the leadership development programme to the finance committee."

"individual development plan (IDP)"

A personal action plan co-created by an employee and their manager to guide the employee's skill development and career aspirations.

"Each team member reviewed their individual development plan quarterly to track progress against agreed learning goals."

"equal opportunity employer"

An organisation that commits to treating all job applicants and employees fairly, without discrimination based on protected characteristics.

"All job advertisements state that the company is an equal opportunity employer welcoming applications from diverse candidates."

"protected characteristics"

Attributes defined by equality law — such as age, gender, race, disability, and religion — against which discrimination is prohibited.

"HR trained all interviewers not to ask questions that could reveal a candidate's protected characteristics."

"reasonable adjustment"

A change that an employer must make to remove a disadvantage experienced by a disabled employee or job applicant.

"Providing a screen reader and an ergonomic keyboard were considered reasonable adjustments for the visually impaired employee."

"duty of care"

An employer's legal and moral obligation to take reasonable steps to protect the health, safety, and wellbeing of its employees.

"The company's duty of care extends to remote workers, requiring regular wellbeing check-ins and safe home-office assessments."

"non-disclosure agreement (NDA)"

A legally binding contract requiring one or both parties to keep specified information confidential, often signed at the start or end of employment.

"All employees in the R&D department sign a non-disclosure agreement to protect the company's intellectual property."

"GDPR compliance"

Adherence to the General Data Protection Regulation, which governs how organisations collect, store, and process personal data, including employee records.

"The HR team updated all employee consent forms as part of a review of GDPR compliance across people data processes."

"zero-tolerance policy"

A firm organisational stance that certain behaviours — such as harassment, discrimination, or violence — will always result in disciplinary action regardless of circumstances.

"The company's zero-tolerance policy on bullying means any substantiated complaint leads to immediate suspension pending investigation."

"right to work check"

A legal verification process conducted by an employer to confirm that a new hire is lawfully entitled to work in a given country.

"HR must complete a right to work check for every new employee before their start date, retaining copies of the documents provided."