英語発音：44の音素をすべて解説
英語には44の音素がありますが文字は26しかないため、スペルが発音を隠してしまいます。このガイドではすべての音をIPA記号・発音方法・例単語とともに解説します。カテゴリーで絞り込むか、任意の音を検索してください。
48 items · 6 topics
"/æ/ — cat"
Open front unrounded vowel
"cat, hat, man, bag, trap"
"/e/ — bed"
Mid front unrounded vowel
"bed, red, ten, help, dress"
"/ɪ/ — sit"
Near-close near-front unrounded vowel
"sit, big, fish, this, kit"
"/ɒ/ — hot"
Open back rounded vowel (British English)
"hot, dog, stop, lot, cloth"
"/ʌ/ — cup"
Open-mid back unrounded vowel
"cup, sun, bus, love, strut"
"/ʊ/ — book"
Near-close near-back rounded vowel
"book, good, put, foot, look"
"/ə/ — about"
Mid central vowel — the schwa, most common English sound
"about, sofa, comma, banana, around"
"/ɜː/ — bird"
Open-mid central unrounded vowel (lengthened)
"bird, girl, word, turn, nurse"
"/iː/ — see"
Close front unrounded long vowel
"see, tree, feet, need, fleece"
"/ɑː/ — car"
Open back unrounded long vowel
"car, far, star, bath, palm"
"/ɔː/ — law"
Open-mid back rounded long vowel
"law, door, saw, more, thought"
"/uː/ — blue"
Close back rounded long vowel
"blue, food, moon, boot, goose"
"/eɪ/ — wait"
Closing diphthong starting at mid front (often treated as long vowel)
"wait, face, game, rain, day"
"/aɪ/ — my"
Closing diphthong opening to front
"my, fly, right, time, price"
"/ɔɪ/ — boy"
Closing diphthong from back rounded
"boy, coin, joy, noise, choice"
"/əʊ/ — go"
Closing diphthong centring from schwa (British English)
"go, home, road, stone, goat"
"/aʊ/ — now"
Closing diphthong, mouth opens then rounds
"now, out, house, mouth, found"
"/ɪə/ — ear"
Centring diphthong moving toward schwa
"ear, here, fear, near, pier"
"/eə/ — air"
Centring diphthong from front mid to schwa
"air, care, there, square, bear"
"/ʊə/ — tour"
Centring diphthong from near-back to schwa
"tour, pure, cure, sure, plural"
"/eɪ/ — say"
Tongue moves from mid front to high front
"say, make, stain, table, great"
"/aɪ/ — like"
Tongue moves from open to high front
"like, night, style, bright, mind"
"/ɔɪ/ — voice"
Tongue moves from back rounded to high front
"voice, soil, point, boil, destroy"
"/aʊ/ — cloud"
Tongue moves from open central to high back
"cloud, loud, shout, about, down"
"/b/ — bed"
Voiced bilabial plosive — both lips come together
"bed, big, job, club, above"
"/d/ — dog"
Voiced alveolar plosive — tongue tip touches ridge behind teeth
"dog, day, red, sound, board"
"/g/ — go"
Voiced velar plosive — back of tongue touches soft palate
"go, get, big, flag, again"
"/v/ — voice"
Voiced labiodental fricative — upper teeth touch lower lip
"voice, live, wave, very, move"
"/ð/ — this"
Voiced dental fricative — tongue tip between or behind teeth
"this, that, there, breathe, mother"
"/z/ — zoo"
Voiced alveolar fricative — buzzing sound at the ridge
"zoo, zero, jazz, size, lives"
"/ʒ/ — measure"
Voiced postalveolar fricative — rare in English
"measure, vision, treasure, casual, genre"
"/dʒ/ — judge"
Voiced postalveolar affricate — d plus zh blend
"judge, job, age, bridge, enjoy"
"/p/ — pen"
Voiceless bilabial plosive — lips burst apart with a puff of air
"pen, cap, spin, up, happy"
"/t/ — top"
Voiceless alveolar plosive — tongue tip touches the alveolar ridge
"top, sit, butter, eight, stop"
"/k/ — cat"
Voiceless velar plosive — back of tongue strikes soft palate
"cat, back, queen, skill, think"
"/f/ — fish"
Voiceless labiodental fricative — upper teeth rest on lower lip
"fish, off, phone, left, staff"
"/θ/ — think"
Voiceless dental fricative — tongue between or behind upper teeth
"think, bath, cloth, tooth, author"
"/s/ — sun"
Voiceless alveolar fricative — hissing sound at the ridge
"sun, bus, six, ask, pass"
"/ʃ/ — she"
Voiceless postalveolar fricative — sh sound
"she, wish, shop, station, sugar"
"/tʃ/ — chair"
Voiceless postalveolar affricate — t plus sh blend
"chair, watch, church, catch, nature"
"/r/ — red"
Voiced approximant — tongue curls back without touching the roof
"red, right, green, every, around"
"/l/ — light"
Voiced lateral approximant — tongue tip touches ridge, air flows around sides
"light, feel, call, milk, world"
"/w/ — wet"
Voiced labial-velar approximant — lips round tightly, then open
"wet, away, swim, twin, queen"
"/j/ — yes"
Voiced palatal approximant — tongue arches toward the hard palate
"yes, yell, few, use, beauty"
"/h/ — hot"
Voiceless glottal fricative — breath passes through open vocal folds
"hot, he, ahead, who, behalf"
"/ŋ/ — sing"
Voiced velar nasal — back of tongue touches soft palate, no lip action
"sing, long, king, thinking, ring"
"/m/ — map"
Voiced bilabial nasal — lips close, sound exits through the nose
"map, him, swim, name, room"
"/n/ — now"
Voiced alveolar nasal — tongue tip seals ridge, sound exits through the nose
"now, pen, can, know, inner"
よくある質問
英語には何種類の音がありますか？
標準イギリス英語（容認発音）には44の音素があります：母音20個（短母音7・長母音5・二重母音8）と子音24個です。アメリカ英語では/ɒ/がなく、母音の後にもR音を使うなど若干異なります。
IPAとは何ですか？なぜ役立つのですか？
国際音声記号（IPA）は、各記号が一つの音に対応する標準的な表記システムです。英語のスペルは悪名高いほど不規則ですが、IPAは単語の発音を正確に示します。IPAを覚えると辞書の発音記号をすべて解読できるようになります。
シュワーとは何ですか？なぜ重要ですか？
シュワー（/ə/）は英語で最も一般的な音です。"about"の「a」のように非強勢音節に現れる中性的な中央母音です。英語のアクセントパターンが非強勢母音をシュワーに還元するため、この音をマスターすることは自然な発音と速い英語の聞き取りに不可欠です。
有声子音と無声子音の違いは何ですか？
有声子音は空気が通るときに声帯が振動します（喉に指を当てて/z/と/s/を言い比べてみましょう）。無声子音は声帯振動なしに空気の乱流だけを使います。多くの英語子音は有声・無声のペアを形成します：/b/–/p/、/d/–/t/、/g/–/k/、/v/–/f/など。
英語の発音を最も速く上達させる方法は？
最も研究に裏付けられたアプローチは、大量のコンプリヘンシブル・リスニング（おおよそ理解できるネイティブ英語コンテンツの視聴）です。脳が言語の音響パターンを取り込み、徐々に発音を調整します。ミニマルペアの練習とネイティブのシャドーイングがプロセスを加速します。
英語の音を内面化する最速の方法は、実際の会話の中でそれらを何千回も聴くことです。
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