48 главных коннекторов английского языка для связной речи и письма

Добавление

"Furthermore"

adds a stronger or more important point to what was just said

"The results were positive. Furthermore, the costs were lower than expected."

Добавление

"Moreover"

introduces an additional fact that reinforces the argument

"She speaks three languages. Moreover, she has lived abroad for five years."

Добавление

"In addition"

introduces an extra point on the same topic

"The report covers the data. In addition, it includes recommendations."

Добавление

"Besides"

adds another consideration, often with a slightly informal tone

"I don't want to go. Besides, it's already too late."

Добавление

"Not only … but also"

emphasises two related points, the second being surprising or stronger

"She is not only talented but also incredibly hard-working."

Добавление

"What is more"

adds a point that is even more significant than the previous one

"The project was completed on time. What is more, it came in under budget."

Добавление

"As well as"

joins two elements to show they both apply

"He studies medicine as well as working part-time."

Добавление

"On top of that"

adds another point, often to build emphasis or complaint

"The flight was delayed. On top of that, our luggage was lost."

Противопоставление

"However"

introduces a contrasting statement; very common in formal writing

"The plan looked good. However, the results were disappointing."

Противопоставление

"Nevertheless"

concedes a point but then reasserts the main argument

"It was raining heavily. Nevertheless, they decided to continue."

Противопоставление

"On the other hand"

presents the opposing side of an argument or situation

"Living in a city offers many opportunities. On the other hand, it can be stressful."

Противопоставление

"In contrast"

highlights a clear difference between two things

"The first sample was rough. In contrast, the second was perfectly smooth."

Противопоставление

"Although"

introduces a concessive clause before or after the main clause

"Although the film was long, I enjoyed every minute of it."

Противопоставление

"Despite"

shows that something happened in spite of an obstacle; followed by a noun or gerund

"Despite the bad weather, the event was a great success."

Противопоставление

"Whereas"

compares two contrasting facts in the same sentence

"He prefers coffee, whereas she drinks only tea."

Противопоставление

"Even though"

a stronger form of "although", emphasising surprise at the contrast

"Even though she had studied all night, she still felt nervous."

Причина и следствие

"Therefore"

draws a logical conclusion from the preceding statement

"The data was incomplete. Therefore, the results cannot be verified."

Причина и следствие

"As a result"

describes what happened because of something else

"There was a power cut. As a result, the meeting was cancelled."

Причина и следствие

"Consequently"

formal connector indicating a direct and significant outcome

"He missed the deadline. Consequently, the contract was terminated."

Причина и следствие

"Because"

introduces the reason or cause of the main clause

"She left early because she had a train to catch."

Причина и следствие

"Due to"

indicates the cause; followed by a noun or noun phrase

"The match was postponed due to heavy rain."

Причина и следствие

"Hence"

a formal synonym for "therefore"; links cause to consequence

"The sample size was too small; hence the findings are not conclusive."

Причина и следствие

"Thus"

introduces an outcome or logical conclusion; common in academic writing

"Temperatures rose sharply. Thus, the glaciers began to melt faster."

Причина и следствие

"Since"

explains the reason or grounds for something

"Since the shop was closed, we went home empty-handed."

Условие

"If"

the basic conditional connector introducing a hypothetical or real condition

"If you practise every day, your English will improve rapidly."

Условие

"Unless"

means "if not"; introduces a negative condition

"Unless you leave now, you will miss the bus."

Условие

"Provided that"

a formal conditional meaning "on the condition that"

"You may borrow the car, provided that you return it by six."

Условие

"As long as"

expresses a condition that must remain true for the result to hold

"As long as you keep trying, there is always hope."

Условие

"In case"

introduces a precautionary action or reason

"Take an umbrella in case it rains."

Условие

"On condition that"

a very formal way of stating a requirement or stipulation

"They agreed to the deal on condition that delivery was guaranteed."

Условие

"Assuming that"

introduces a premise that is taken as true for the purpose of argument

"Assuming that the data is correct, the model predicts strong growth."

Условие

"Otherwise"

states what will happen if the condition is not met

"Study the vocabulary tonight. Otherwise, the test will be very hard."

Цель

"In order to"

introduces the purpose or goal of an action; slightly formal

"She worked overtime in order to meet the deadline."

Цель

"So that"

introduces a result or purpose clause with a finite verb

"He spoke slowly so that everyone could understand."

Цель

"To"

the simplest and most common way to express purpose with an infinitive

"I went to the library to find a reference book."

Цель

"For the purpose of"

a formal expression of intended goal or aim

"This form must be completed for the purpose of registration."

Цель

"With the aim of"

states a specific goal or objective; used in formal and academic contexts

"The team met with the aim of finalising the strategy."

Цель

"So as to"

a formal alternative to "in order to", often used with negative infinitives

"Speak quietly so as not to wake the children."

Цель

"With a view to"

expresses an intention directed towards a future outcome

"They signed the agreement with a view to expanding into new markets."

Цель

"Lest"

a very formal connector meaning "in case" or "for fear that"; often negative in feel

"She double-checked the report lest there should be any errors."

Последовательность

"First of all"

signals the very first point or step in a series

"First of all, preheat the oven to 180 degrees."

Последовательность

"Subsequently"

describes something that happens after and as a result of a previous event

"The report was submitted. Subsequently, the board approved the budget."

Последовательность

"Meanwhile"

refers to something happening at the same time as another action

"The engineers worked on the engine. Meanwhile, the designers finished the interface."

Последовательность

"Finally"

introduces the last point or the end of a process

"Finally, allow the mixture to cool before serving."

Последовательность

"Then"

introduces the next step or the result of a previous action

"Mix the ingredients. Then pour the batter into the tin."

Последовательность

"After that"

refers to what comes next in time or process

"We visited the museum. After that, we had lunch by the river."

Последовательность

"At the same time"

indicates two events occurring simultaneously

"She was studying for her exams. At the same time, she was working part-time."

Последовательность

"To begin with"

introduces the first element in a list or argument; slightly more formal than "first"

"To begin with, let us look at the historical context."