英語コネクターと談話標識48選 — 一貫した英文・スピーチのために
コネクターは英語の「接着剤」です。アイデアを繋ぎ、論理的な関係を示し、ぶつ切りの文を流れるようなまとまりある文章に変えます。エッセイ、ビジネスメール、会議でのスピーチ——適切なコネクターはアイデアの関係を正確に伝え、すぐに洗練された印象を与えます。
48 items · 6 topics
"Furthermore"
adds a stronger or more important point to what was just said
"The results were positive. Furthermore, the costs were lower than expected."
"Moreover"
introduces an additional fact that reinforces the argument
"She speaks three languages. Moreover, she has lived abroad for five years."
"In addition"
introduces an extra point on the same topic
"The report covers the data. In addition, it includes recommendations."
"Besides"
adds another consideration, often with a slightly informal tone
"I don't want to go. Besides, it's already too late."
"Not only … but also"
emphasises two related points, the second being surprising or stronger
"She is not only talented but also incredibly hard-working."
"What is more"
adds a point that is even more significant than the previous one
"The project was completed on time. What is more, it came in under budget."
"As well as"
joins two elements to show they both apply
"He studies medicine as well as working part-time."
"On top of that"
adds another point, often to build emphasis or complaint
"The flight was delayed. On top of that, our luggage was lost."
"However"
introduces a contrasting statement; very common in formal writing
"The plan looked good. However, the results were disappointing."
"Nevertheless"
concedes a point but then reasserts the main argument
"It was raining heavily. Nevertheless, they decided to continue."
"On the other hand"
presents the opposing side of an argument or situation
"Living in a city offers many opportunities. On the other hand, it can be stressful."
"In contrast"
highlights a clear difference between two things
"The first sample was rough. In contrast, the second was perfectly smooth."
"Although"
introduces a concessive clause before or after the main clause
"Although the film was long, I enjoyed every minute of it."
"Despite"
shows that something happened in spite of an obstacle; followed by a noun or gerund
"Despite the bad weather, the event was a great success."
"Whereas"
compares two contrasting facts in the same sentence
"He prefers coffee, whereas she drinks only tea."
"Even though"
a stronger form of "although", emphasising surprise at the contrast
"Even though she had studied all night, she still felt nervous."
"Therefore"
draws a logical conclusion from the preceding statement
"The data was incomplete. Therefore, the results cannot be verified."
"As a result"
describes what happened because of something else
"There was a power cut. As a result, the meeting was cancelled."
"Consequently"
formal connector indicating a direct and significant outcome
"He missed the deadline. Consequently, the contract was terminated."
"Because"
introduces the reason or cause of the main clause
"She left early because she had a train to catch."
"Due to"
indicates the cause; followed by a noun or noun phrase
"The match was postponed due to heavy rain."
"Hence"
a formal synonym for "therefore"; links cause to consequence
"The sample size was too small; hence the findings are not conclusive."
"Thus"
introduces an outcome or logical conclusion; common in academic writing
"Temperatures rose sharply. Thus, the glaciers began to melt faster."
"Since"
explains the reason or grounds for something
"Since the shop was closed, we went home empty-handed."
"If"
the basic conditional connector introducing a hypothetical or real condition
"If you practise every day, your English will improve rapidly."
"Unless"
means "if not"; introduces a negative condition
"Unless you leave now, you will miss the bus."
"Provided that"
a formal conditional meaning "on the condition that"
"You may borrow the car, provided that you return it by six."
"As long as"
expresses a condition that must remain true for the result to hold
"As long as you keep trying, there is always hope."
"In case"
introduces a precautionary action or reason
"Take an umbrella in case it rains."
"On condition that"
a very formal way of stating a requirement or stipulation
"They agreed to the deal on condition that delivery was guaranteed."
"Assuming that"
introduces a premise that is taken as true for the purpose of argument
"Assuming that the data is correct, the model predicts strong growth."
"Otherwise"
states what will happen if the condition is not met
"Study the vocabulary tonight. Otherwise, the test will be very hard."
"In order to"
introduces the purpose or goal of an action; slightly formal
"She worked overtime in order to meet the deadline."
"So that"
introduces a result or purpose clause with a finite verb
"He spoke slowly so that everyone could understand."
"To"
the simplest and most common way to express purpose with an infinitive
"I went to the library to find a reference book."
"For the purpose of"
a formal expression of intended goal or aim
"This form must be completed for the purpose of registration."
"With the aim of"
states a specific goal or objective; used in formal and academic contexts
"The team met with the aim of finalising the strategy."
"So as to"
a formal alternative to "in order to", often used with negative infinitives
"Speak quietly so as not to wake the children."
"With a view to"
expresses an intention directed towards a future outcome
"They signed the agreement with a view to expanding into new markets."
"Lest"
a very formal connector meaning "in case" or "for fear that"; often negative in feel
"She double-checked the report lest there should be any errors."
"First of all"
signals the very first point or step in a series
"First of all, preheat the oven to 180 degrees."
"Subsequently"
describes something that happens after and as a result of a previous event
"The report was submitted. Subsequently, the board approved the budget."
"Meanwhile"
refers to something happening at the same time as another action
"The engineers worked on the engine. Meanwhile, the designers finished the interface."
"Finally"
introduces the last point or the end of a process
"Finally, allow the mixture to cool before serving."
"Then"
introduces the next step or the result of a previous action
"Mix the ingredients. Then pour the batter into the tin."
"After that"
refers to what comes next in time or process
"We visited the museum. After that, we had lunch by the river."
"At the same time"
indicates two events occurring simultaneously
"She was studying for her exams. At the same time, she was working part-time."
"To begin with"
introduces the first element in a list or argument; slightly more formal than "first"
"To begin with, let us look at the historical context."
よくある質問
コネクターと談話標識の違いは何ですか？
コネクター（つなぎ言葉・結束装置とも呼ばれます）は、文の中や文と文の間でアイデアを結び付け、追加・対比・因果などの論理的な関係を示します。談話標識はより広い概念で、コネクターに加え、話し言葉を整理したり、話し手の態度を示したり、会話を管理したりする表現（例：「well」「you know」「right」）も含みます。すべてのコネクターは談話標識ですが、すべての談話標識がコネクターであるわけではありません。
同じコネクターを繰り返し使っても良いですか？
特定のコネクターを使いすぎないようにしましょう。一段落に「however」を5回使うと、文章が機械的に聞こえます。英語には豊富な類義語があります。「nevertheless」「nonetheless」「yet」「that said」はいずれも対比を表しますが、微妙なニュアンスが異なります。コネクターを変化させることで語彙の幅を示し、読み手にとっても読みやすくなります。
フォーマルな英語とインフォーマルな英語でコネクターの使い方は違いますか？
はい——レジスター（文体）は非常に重要です。「furthermore」「consequently」「in spite of」はフォーマル・アカデミックな文章に属します。カジュアルな会話や非公式なメールでは、ネイティブは「also」「but」「so」「because of」「even though」を好みます。会話で過度にフォーマルなコネクターを使うと不自然に聞こえ、エッセイでカジュアルなものを使うと非専門的に見えます。
コネクターの後にコンマが必要かどうかはどうやって判断しますか？
文の冒頭で新しい節を導くコネクター——「However,」「Nevertheless,」「As a result,」——は通常コンマが続きます。文の途中に置かれる「although」「because」「since」などは、導く節が文頭に来ない限り、コンマを前に置く必要はありません。迷ったら文を声に出して読んでみましょう。自然なポーズがある場所にコンマが必要なことが多いです。
実際の英語動画でコネクターを聞くことは本当に役に立ちますか？
もちろんです。コネクターのリストを読むと受動的な知識が得られます。「nevertheless」や「as a result」をドキュメンタリー・講義・会話の中で、自然なストレス・イントネーション・文脈とともに聞くと、その知識はリストを読むよりはるかに速く能動的な使用へと移行します。コンプリヘンシブル・インプット——自分のレベルより少し上の本物の英語を聞く方法——は、書くときや話すときにコネクターが自然に出てくるようになる最も確実な道です。
コネクターを身につける最も速い方法は、本物のスピーチとテキストの中で繰り返し聞くことです。
本物の英語動画で練習する →