Дискурсивные маркеры английского: 48 фраз по функции

Начало речи

"First of all"

used to introduce the first point

"First of all, I want to thank everyone for coming today."

Начало речи

"To begin with"

used to start a discussion or list of points

"To begin with, let us consider the main challenges."

Начало речи

"Let me start by saying"

signals an important opening statement

"Let me start by saying that this project has been a huge success."

Начало речи

"The purpose of this is to"

states the aim at the outset

"The purpose of this report is to outline the findings of our research."

Начало речи

"I would like to begin with"

polite formal opening

"I would like to begin with a brief overview of the situation."

Начало речи

"As a starting point"

introduces the first idea in a structured way

"As a starting point, we need to define what we mean by success."

Начало речи

"Before anything else"

emphasises that the first point takes priority

"Before anything else, we must address the safety concerns."

Начало речи

"Right from the outset"

from the very beginning

"Right from the outset, it was clear this would be a challenging negotiation."

Структурирование

"Moving on to"

transitions to the next topic

"Moving on to the next point, let us look at the financial data."

Структурирование

"With regard to"

introduces a new topic or aspect

"With regard to the budget, we are well within our targets."

Структурирование

"Turning to"

pivots attention to a new subject

"Turning to the question of staffing, we need to hire three people."

Структурирование

"As far as … is concerned"

limits scope to a particular topic

"As far as quality is concerned, the results are excellent."

Структурирование

"In terms of"

frames information within a specific area

"In terms of cost, the second option is far more efficient."

Структурирование

"On the one hand … on the other hand"

presents two contrasting perspectives

"On the one hand, it saves time. On the other hand, it increases cost."

Структурирование

"First … second … finally"

sequences a series of points clearly

"First, we gather data. Second, we analyse it. Finally, we report."

Структурирование

"Having said that"

introduces a qualification or contrast

"The plan looks solid. Having said that, the timeline is very tight."

Приведение примеров

"For example"

introduces a specific example to support a point

"Many animals migrate. For example, swallows travel to Africa in winter."

Приведение примеров

"For instance"

gives a concrete illustration of an idea

"There are several ways to reduce costs — for instance, renegotiating supplier contracts."

Приведение примеров

"Such as"

introduces items in a list of examples

"You should eat plenty of vegetables, such as broccoli, spinach, and kale."

Приведение примеров

"To illustrate"

signals that an example is about to follow

"To illustrate, consider what happened during the 2008 financial crisis."

Приведение примеров

"A case in point"

an example that proves or supports the argument

"Remote work has many benefits. A case in point is the increase in productivity at our company."

Приведение примеров

"Take … as an example"

invites the listener to focus on one specific case

"Take Japan as an example of a country with very high literacy rates."

Приведение примеров

"This is exemplified by"

indicates that evidence follows

"The trend is accelerating. This is exemplified by the latest sales figures."

Приведение примеров

"As demonstrated by"

points to evidence that proves a claim

"The strategy works, as demonstrated by the results in the pilot region."

Перефразирование

"In other words"

restates something more clearly or simply

"The deadline has been moved forward. In other words, we have less time."

Перефразирование

"That is to say"

clarifies or explains what was just said

"She works in the public sector, that is to say, she works for the government."

Перефразирование

"To put it another way"

offers a different phrasing of the same idea

"The experiment failed. To put it another way, we need to start over."

Перефразирование

"What I mean is"

informal clarification of a previous statement

"It's not that I dislike the idea. What I mean is, the timing is wrong."

Перефразирование

"Or rather"

corrects or refines a previous statement

"We finished on time, or rather, just a few hours before the deadline."

Перефразирование

"More precisely"

adds a more exact version of what was said

"The project was expensive — more precisely, it was three times over budget."

Перефразирование

"To rephrase that"

signals a rephrasing for clarity

"That was unclear. To rephrase that, the data supports our hypothesis."

Перефразирование

"Put simply"

simplifies a complex idea

"Put simply, if costs rise and revenue falls, the company loses money."

Подведение итогов

"In summary"

introduces a brief recap of the main points

"In summary, the project was completed on time and under budget."

Подведение итогов

"To sum up"

signals the conclusion of a discussion

"To sum up, there are three key reasons why this approach works."

Подведение итогов

"Overall"

gives a general, all-encompassing view

"Overall, the results were very positive, with only minor setbacks."

Подведение итогов

"On the whole"

indicates that something is generally true

"On the whole, the team performed well under pressure."

Подведение итогов

"All in all"

after considering everything

"All in all, it was a challenging but rewarding experience."

Подведение итогов

"In brief"

introduces a concise overview

"In brief, the plan involves three stages: design, test, and launch."

Подведение итогов

"The main point is"

highlights the core message

"The main point is that customer satisfaction has improved significantly."

Подведение итогов

"Taken together"

when all factors are considered as a whole

"Taken together, the evidence strongly supports our original theory."

Завершение

"To conclude"

formally signals the end of a presentation or essay

"To conclude, I would like to thank the committee for their time."

Завершение

"Finally"

introduces the last point in a sequence

"Finally, I would like to open the floor for questions."

Завершение

"Last but not least"

indicates the final point is equally important

"Last but not least, we must acknowledge the work of the volunteers."

Завершение

"In closing"

a formal phrase to end a speech or letter

"In closing, I hope you will consider our proposal carefully."

Завершение

"To wrap up"

informal signal that the discussion is ending

"To wrap up, let me give you a quick recap of what we covered."

Завершение

"On that note"

uses the previous point as a natural bridge to ending

"On that note, I think it is a good time to close the meeting."

Завершение

"I will leave you with"

ends with a memorable thought or call to action

"I will leave you with one key insight: consistency beats intensity."

Завершение

"Thank you for your attention"

polite formal closing used in presentations

"Thank you for your attention. I am happy to take any questions."