48 ложных друзей переводчика в английском языке
Ложные друзья переводчика — слова в английском, которые похожи по написанию или звучанию на слова в вашем языке, но означают совершенно другое. Это одна из самых распространённых причин ошибок у продвинутых учеников. Просматривайте все 48 ниже, фильтруйте по языку или ищите конкретное слово.
48 items · 6 topics
"embarrassed"
feeling ashamed or self-conscious (NOT pregnant)
"She was embarrassed when she spilled coffee on her shirt."
"actually"
in fact / in reality (NOT currently)
"I actually enjoyed the meeting more than I expected."
"sensible"
having good judgement (NOT sensitive)
"Wear sensible shoes for the hike."
"exit"
a way out (NOT success / result)
"Please use the emergency exit at the back of the building."
"college"
a higher-education institution (NOT high school)
"She starts college in September to study engineering."
"fabric"
cloth / textile (NOT factory)
"The fabric of this shirt is 100% cotton."
"library"
a place to borrow books (NOT bookshop)
"I borrowed three novels from the library last week."
"pretend"
to act as if something is true (NOT intend/try)
"The children pretended to be pirates."
"eventually"
in the end / after a long time (NOT possibly)
"He eventually found his lost keys under the sofa."
"actually"
in fact (NOT currently / at the moment)
"That film is actually based on a true story."
"sympathetic"
showing understanding for someone's feelings (NOT nice/pleasant)
"She was very sympathetic when I told her about the accident."
"chat"
informal conversation (NOT cat)
"We had a nice chat over coffee this morning."
"demand"
to ask forcefully (NOT to ask politely)
"The customer demanded a full refund."
"ignore"
to deliberately pay no attention to (NOT not know)
"He ignored all my messages for two days."
"assistance"
help / support (NOT attendance)
"Do you need any assistance with your luggage?"
"experience"
practical knowledge / an event (NOT experiment)
"She has ten years of experience in marketing."
"gift"
a present (NOT poison)
"She gave him a gift for his birthday."
"also"
in addition / too (NOT thus / therefore)
"I'd like a coffee and also a slice of cake, please."
"bald"
having no hair (NOT soon)
"He went completely bald by the age of thirty."
"kind"
generous / gentle in nature (NOT child)
"It was very kind of you to help me carry the bags."
"after"
later in time / following (NOT on / upon)
"Let's meet after the presentation."
"most"
greatest in amount (NOT must)
"Most students passed the exam on the first try."
"blank"
empty / without content (NOT shiny/gleaming)
"He stared at the blank page for twenty minutes."
"rat"
a rodent (NOT advice)
"They found a rat in the basement."
"annoyed"
slightly angry / irritated (NOT bored)
"I was really annoyed when the flight was delayed again."
"argument"
a disagreement / dispute (NOT topic / subject)
"They had a heated argument about money."
"morbid"
having an unusual interest in death (NOT sick/ill)
"He has a rather morbid sense of humour."
"novel"
a long fictional book (NOT new)
"She spent the summer reading a novel by Tolstoy."
"casino"
a gambling establishment (NOT chaos/mess)
"They spent the evening at the casino."
"camera"
a device for taking photographs (NOT room)
"I forgot to bring my camera to the wedding."
"genial"
friendly and cheerful (NOT brilliant/genius)
"The host was genial and made everyone feel welcome."
"firm"
solid / a business company (NOT signature)
"He works for a law firm in the city centre."
"magazine"
a periodical publication (NOT store/shop)
"I read about it in a travel magazine."
"accurate"
correct and precise (NOT accurate — but NOT accountant)
"The weather forecast was surprisingly accurate."
"prospect"
a possibility of future success (NOT invoice)
"The job prospect looks very promising."
"cabinet"
a piece of furniture / government body (NOT office room)
"The documents are stored in the filing cabinet."
"realist"
a person who accepts facts (NOT artist working in realism only)
"She is a realist — she knows the project will take a year."
"data"
facts and statistics (NOT given / gift)
"We need more data before we can draw conclusions."
"intelligent"
having great mental capacity (NOT secret service agent)
"She is one of the most intelligent students in the class."
"replica"
an exact copy (NOT reply)
"The museum displays a replica of the ancient vase."
"chef"
a professional cook (NOT chief / head in general)
"The chef prepared a five-course tasting menu."
"resume"
to continue after a pause (also: a CV in American English)
"Classes resume on Monday after the holiday break."
"sympathy"
feeling of pity or sorrow for another (NOT empathy)
"She sent a sympathy card after hearing about his loss."
"intoxicated"
drunk / under the influence (NOT excited/enthusiastic)
"The driver was found to be intoxicated at the wheel."
"police"
law enforcement organisation (NOT policy / politics)
"Call the police if you see anything suspicious."
"principal"
head of a school / main (NOT principle — a rule or belief)
"The principal called a meeting with all teachers."
"attend"
to be present at (NOT to take care of / pay attention to)
"All students must attend the orientation session."
"invest"
to put money into something for profit (NOT to invent)
"She decided to invest her savings in index funds."
Частые вопросы
Что такое ложный друг переводчика в английском?
Ложный друг — это слово в английском, которое выглядит или звучит похоже на слово в вашем языке, но имеет другое значение. Например, "magazine" похоже на русское слово "магазин", но означает журнал. Такие ловушки подстерегают даже продвинутых учеников.
Почему ложные друзья так опасны для изучающих язык?
Потому что они порождают уверенные ошибки. Увидев знакомое слово, мозг автоматически считает значение известным и не проверяет. Именно в этот момент ошибки проскальзывают — порой в официальных или неловких ситуациях.
Как избавиться от ошибок с ложными друзьями?
Самая эффективная стратегия — массовое погружение в живой английский. Когда вы слышите слово десятки раз в реальном контексте — фильмах, подкастах, речи носителей — правильное значение вытесняет ложное навсегда. Практика аудирования методом понятного ввода особенно действенна.
Ложные друзья и ложные когнаты — это одно и то же?
Термины пересекаются, но немного различаются. Ложные когнаты технически означают слова, выглядящие родственными, но имеющие разное этимологическое происхождение. Ложные друзья — более широкий повседневный термин для любой пары слов в двух языках, похожих внешне, но разных по смыслу. В практике изучения языков они взаимозаменяемы.
Какой язык имеет больше всего ложных друзей с английским?
Французский и испанский — поскольку все три языка разделяют огромный латинский словарный запас. Немецкий и итальянский тоже дают много ложных пар. В русском и японском их меньше, но именно они особенно удивительны, так как возникают там, где их совсем не ждёшь.
Самый быстрый способ устранить ошибки с ложными друзьями — слышать слова в правильном употреблении в живых разговорах, а не заучивать списки.
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