Английский для кино и телевидения: ключевые термины и фразы
Это руководство охватывает профессиональную английскую лексику, которую ежедневно используют режиссёры, продюсеры, операторы, монтажёры, звукорежиссёры и сценаристы — от команд на площадке до технических требований к сдаче материала.
48 terms · 6 topics
"call sheet"
A daily schedule document distributed to cast and crew listing shooting times, locations, and required personnel
"The assistant director circulated the call sheet for tomorrow's shoot at 10 pm the night before."
"above the line"
The creative leads of a production — typically the director, producer, writer, and lead actors — whose fees are negotiated separately
"Above the line costs consumed 60% of the budget before a single day of principal photography."
"below the line"
The technical and support crew whose costs are calculated as fixed weekly rates, including grips, electricians, and PAs
"The production designer submitted her below the line breakdown to the line producer for approval."
"day-out-of-days"
A scheduling chart that tracks which days each cast member and piece of equipment is required on set
"By studying the day-out-of-days, the producer realised they could release two lead actors a week earlier."
"turnaround"
The minimum rest period a crew member must have between the end of one working day and the start of the next
"Shooting overran by two hours, threatening the mandatory twelve-hour turnaround for the morning crew."
"principal photography"
The main phase of filming in which the primary scenes with the cast are shot
"Principal photography wrapped after sixty-three days, three days ahead of schedule."
"pick-up"
A supplemental shoot conducted after principal photography to capture missing or additional footage
"Test screenings showed a key scene was unclear, so the director scheduled a pick-up for the following month."
"lock picture"
The point at which the final edit of a film or episode is approved and no further changes to the cut are permitted
"Once the studio approves the director's cut, they will lock picture and begin sound mixing."
"action"
The director's command for actors to begin performing and for camera and sound to roll
"After a brief pause, the director called "action" and the two actors launched into the confrontation scene."
"cut"
The director's command to stop filming at the end of a take
"The director shouted "cut" the moment the actor flubbed his line, and they reset for another take."
"rolling"
Confirmation from the camera and sound departments that they are recording and ready for action
"The sound mixer confirmed "rolling" before the director called "action" on the wide establishing shot."
"marking"
The process of placing physical marks on the floor to guide an actor's precise position during a shot
"The second assistant camera operator finished marking the actor's three positions before the lighting was finalised."
"holding"
A waiting area away from the active set where background actors and non-essential crew remain until needed
"The fifty extras were kept in holding until the first assistant director called for them on the studio floor."
"martini shot"
Informal term for the last shot of the day, suggesting that the next drink will be a martini
"The first AD announced "martini shot" at 9 pm and the exhausted crew cheered."
"slate"
The clapperboard used at the start of each take to identify scene, take number, and synchronise audio and picture
"The clapper loader held up the slate and called "Scene 42, take 3" before snapping the sticks."
"video village"
The area on set where monitors display the live camera feed and where the director and producers watch takes
"The producer rushed from video village to confer with the director after seeing a continuity error on the monitor."
"establishing shot"
A wide shot that introduces the location and spatial relationship of elements in a scene
"The film opened with a sweeping aerial establishing shot over Manhattan before cutting to street level."
"close-up"
A tightly framed shot that fills the frame with a subject's face or a specific detail
"The director requested a close-up of the actor's hands trembling as she opened the letter."
"dolly shot"
A shot in which the camera moves smoothly toward, away from, or alongside a subject on a wheeled platform
"The cinematographer designed a long dolly shot that tracked the protagonist through the crowded market."
"depth of field"
The range of distance within a shot that appears acceptably sharp and in focus
"By opening the aperture wide, the director of photography created a shallow depth of field that blurred the background."
"coverage"
The range of angles and shot sizes filmed for a scene to give the editor sufficient options in post-production
"They shot the dialogue scene with a wide two-shot and then went in for coverage on each actor separately."
"rack focus"
A technique in which the camera shifts focus from one subject to another within the same shot
"The cinematographer used a rack focus to draw attention from the speaker in the foreground to the spy listening at the door."
"handheld"
A shooting style in which the camera operator carries the camera on their shoulder or in their hands, creating natural movement
"The director switched to handheld for the chase sequence to heighten the sense of urgency and chaos."
"aspect ratio"
The proportional relationship between the width and height of the image frame, such as 1.85:1 or 2.39:1
"The cinematographer argued for the wider 2.39:1 aspect ratio to emphasise the vast desert landscapes."
"wild sound"
Ambient audio recorded on location without picture, used in post-production to fill silences and create atmosphere
"The sound recordist spent twenty minutes capturing wild sound of the busy café before the crew moved on."
"ADR"
Automated Dialogue Replacement — re-recording an actor's lines in a studio after shooting to improve clarity or change the performance
"Several scenes shot near the motorway were so noisy that the entire cast had to come in for ADR."
"boom operator"
The crew member who holds a microphone on a long pole over the actors to capture dialogue during filming
"The boom operator had to crouch behind the sofa to keep the microphone out of frame during the wide shot."
"Foley"
Sound effects created in a post-production studio by performing everyday actions in sync with the picture
"The Foley artist produced the convincing sound of the armour by clanking chains against a metal sheet."
"room tone"
A recording of the background ambience of a specific location made to use as a seamless audio bed in editing
"The sound mixer called for quiet and recorded thirty seconds of room tone before the crew vacated the library set."
"mix"
The final stage of audio post-production in which all sound elements — dialogue, music, and effects — are balanced together
"The director flew to the dubbing theatre in Soho for the final mix of the feature."
"lavalier"
A small microphone clipped to an actor's clothing to capture dialogue inconspicuously
"Because the wide-angle lens made booming impossible, the costume department hid a lavalier inside the actor's lapel."
"sync sound"
Audio recorded simultaneously with picture on set, as opposed to wild sound or studio-recorded sound
"The editor confirmed that all sync sound from the location days had been successfully married to the picture files."
"rough cut"
An early assembly of edited footage that follows the script closely before creative refinement begins
"The director watched the rough cut alone before sharing notes with the editor the following morning."
"colour grade"
The process of adjusting the colour, contrast, and tone of footage to achieve a consistent and stylised look
"The cinematographer attended the colour grade to ensure the footage matched the visual style she had established on set."
"VFX"
Visual effects — digital imagery added to or composited with live-action footage to create elements impossible to film practically
"The VFX supervisor warned that the sequence would require more than 400 individual VFX shots."
"compositing"
Combining multiple visual elements from different sources into a single, seamless final image
"The compositing artist spent three days placing the actors convincingly into the digital background plate."
"offline edit"
The creative editorial process using lower-resolution proxy files before the final online conform
"The editor completed the offline edit on a laptop in six weeks while the production was still shooting."
"online conform"
The technical process of replacing proxy files with the full-resolution camera originals once the edit is locked
"The post supervisor booked the online conform suite for three days to finish the series in time for delivery."
"deliverables"
The specific technical versions and formats a production must supply to a broadcaster, distributor, or streaming platform
"Netflix provided a forty-page deliverables specification the post-production supervisor had to meet in full."
"timecode"
A sequential numbering system that assigns a unique address to every frame of video or audio to keep everything synchronised
"A timecode error caused a sync problem that the assistant editor had to resolve before the offline could continue."
"logline"
A one or two-sentence summary of a screenplay that conveys the central conflict and protagonist's goal
"The development executive said the logline was strong but the script itself did not yet deliver on its premise."
"beat"
A single unit of dramatic action or a moment of change within a scene or story structure
"The writing team mapped every beat of the season on index cards before anyone started drafting scenes."
"act break"
The major turning point or cliffhanger that concludes an act and propels the story into the next
"The act break at the end of episode three revealed the murder suspect in a scene audiences were not expecting."
"spec script"
A screenplay written speculatively without a commission, typically to demonstrate a writer's voice and abilities
"She wrote a spec script based on an existing series and used it to secure her first professional staffing deal."
"table read"
A rehearsal in which the full cast and creative team read a script aloud to hear how it sounds before filming
"The table read revealed several jokes that did not land, prompting rewrites before production began."
"showrunner"
The executive producer on a TV series who has overall creative and managerial responsibility for the production
"The showrunner made the final call to restructure the mid-season episodes after test audience feedback."
"cold open"
A scene that begins a television episode before the title sequence, designed to hook the audience immediately
"The cold open showing the aftermath of the car crash was so effective that the network requested more like it."
"polish"
A light revision of a screenplay that refines dialogue and details without altering the story's structure
"With production starting in four weeks, the producers hired a dialogue specialist to do a final polish of the script."
Частые вопросы
Почему английский важен для специалистов кино и телевидения?
Английский является доминирующим языком мировой киноиндустрии. Международные копродукции, система голливудских студий, крупные стриминговые платформы — Netflix, Amazon — и большинство отраслевых программ и технических руководств работают преимущественно на английском. Специалисты, уверенно работающие на английском, получают доступ к значительно более широкому кругу международных возможностей — от питчинга иностранным дистрибьюторам до участия в трансграничных проектах.
Какую лексику нужно знать для кино и ТВ на английском?
Профессиональный английский кино и ТВ охватывает шесть ключевых областей: управление производством (колл-шит, расписание, бюджет), общение на площадке («мотор», «стоп», мизансцена, холдинг), камера и операторское искусство (размер кадра, движение, объективы, соотношение сторон), звук (ADR, фоли, сведение, петличный микрофон), постпроизводство (офлайн-монтаж, цветокоррекция, VFX, технические требования к сдаче) и работа со сценарием (логлайн, биты, концовки актов, шоуранер).
Сколько времени нужно на изучение профессионального английского для кино и ТВ?
Специалисты с общим уровнем английского B2, как правило, свободно осваивают терминологию киноиндустрии за три–шесть месяцев регулярного знакомства с аутентичными материалами — просмотра материалов о съёмках, чтения отраслевых изданий вроде Variety, изучения производственных блогов. Для достижения уверенности, необходимой для международного питчинга или выступлений на отраслевых мероприятиях типа Sundance или Канн, обычно требуется год и более активного использования языка.
Какой лучший способ изучить английский для кино и ТВ?
Наиболее эффективный подход — понятный ввод: просмотр документальных материалов о съёмочном процессе и мастер-классов в кинношколах на английском, чтение отснятых сценариев и редакторских заметок, прослушивание подкастов кинорежиссёров и комментариев к фильмам. Это знакомит с аутентичным отраслевым языком в реальных творческих контекстах, так что вы усваиваете лексику естественно, одновременно получая понимание мастерства. Для наиболее быстрого результата дополняйте реальный контент повторением лексики с помощью таких ресурсов, как эта страница.
Можно ли изучать английский для кино и ТВ через видео?
Безусловно. Видеоконтент особенно эффективен в этой области, поскольку сам язык кино и ТВ связан с визуальным и аудиомастерством. Просмотр комментариев к DVD, интервью с режиссёрами, лекций киношкол и производственных влогов знакомит с теми же терминами, которые используются на реальных площадках и в монтажных комнатах. На YouTube и Vimeo есть огромные библиотеки закадровых материалов и мастер-классов, идеально подходящих для пополнения профессионального словаря.
Самый быстрый способ усвоить профессиональный английский — понятный ввод: реальный контент о кино и ТВ на вашем уровне.
Практикуйтесь с реальными видео →