映画・テレビの英語：必須語彙とフレーズ
このガイドでは、監督、プロデューサー、撮影監督、編集者、音響技術者、脚本家が日々使うプロフェッショナルな英語語彙を網羅しています。現場での指示からポストプロダクションの納品要件まで幅広く取り上げます。
48 terms · 6 topics
"call sheet"
A daily schedule document distributed to cast and crew listing shooting times, locations, and required personnel
"The assistant director circulated the call sheet for tomorrow's shoot at 10 pm the night before."
"above the line"
The creative leads of a production — typically the director, producer, writer, and lead actors — whose fees are negotiated separately
"Above the line costs consumed 60% of the budget before a single day of principal photography."
"below the line"
The technical and support crew whose costs are calculated as fixed weekly rates, including grips, electricians, and PAs
"The production designer submitted her below the line breakdown to the line producer for approval."
"day-out-of-days"
A scheduling chart that tracks which days each cast member and piece of equipment is required on set
"By studying the day-out-of-days, the producer realised they could release two lead actors a week earlier."
"turnaround"
The minimum rest period a crew member must have between the end of one working day and the start of the next
"Shooting overran by two hours, threatening the mandatory twelve-hour turnaround for the morning crew."
"principal photography"
The main phase of filming in which the primary scenes with the cast are shot
"Principal photography wrapped after sixty-three days, three days ahead of schedule."
"pick-up"
A supplemental shoot conducted after principal photography to capture missing or additional footage
"Test screenings showed a key scene was unclear, so the director scheduled a pick-up for the following month."
"lock picture"
The point at which the final edit of a film or episode is approved and no further changes to the cut are permitted
"Once the studio approves the director's cut, they will lock picture and begin sound mixing."
"action"
The director's command for actors to begin performing and for camera and sound to roll
"After a brief pause, the director called "action" and the two actors launched into the confrontation scene."
"cut"
The director's command to stop filming at the end of a take
"The director shouted "cut" the moment the actor flubbed his line, and they reset for another take."
"rolling"
Confirmation from the camera and sound departments that they are recording and ready for action
"The sound mixer confirmed "rolling" before the director called "action" on the wide establishing shot."
"marking"
The process of placing physical marks on the floor to guide an actor's precise position during a shot
"The second assistant camera operator finished marking the actor's three positions before the lighting was finalised."
"holding"
A waiting area away from the active set where background actors and non-essential crew remain until needed
"The fifty extras were kept in holding until the first assistant director called for them on the studio floor."
"martini shot"
Informal term for the last shot of the day, suggesting that the next drink will be a martini
"The first AD announced "martini shot" at 9 pm and the exhausted crew cheered."
"slate"
The clapperboard used at the start of each take to identify scene, take number, and synchronise audio and picture
"The clapper loader held up the slate and called "Scene 42, take 3" before snapping the sticks."
"video village"
The area on set where monitors display the live camera feed and where the director and producers watch takes
"The producer rushed from video village to confer with the director after seeing a continuity error on the monitor."
"establishing shot"
A wide shot that introduces the location and spatial relationship of elements in a scene
"The film opened with a sweeping aerial establishing shot over Manhattan before cutting to street level."
"close-up"
A tightly framed shot that fills the frame with a subject's face or a specific detail
"The director requested a close-up of the actor's hands trembling as she opened the letter."
"dolly shot"
A shot in which the camera moves smoothly toward, away from, or alongside a subject on a wheeled platform
"The cinematographer designed a long dolly shot that tracked the protagonist through the crowded market."
"depth of field"
The range of distance within a shot that appears acceptably sharp and in focus
"By opening the aperture wide, the director of photography created a shallow depth of field that blurred the background."
"coverage"
The range of angles and shot sizes filmed for a scene to give the editor sufficient options in post-production
"They shot the dialogue scene with a wide two-shot and then went in for coverage on each actor separately."
"rack focus"
A technique in which the camera shifts focus from one subject to another within the same shot
"The cinematographer used a rack focus to draw attention from the speaker in the foreground to the spy listening at the door."
"handheld"
A shooting style in which the camera operator carries the camera on their shoulder or in their hands, creating natural movement
"The director switched to handheld for the chase sequence to heighten the sense of urgency and chaos."
"aspect ratio"
The proportional relationship between the width and height of the image frame, such as 1.85:1 or 2.39:1
"The cinematographer argued for the wider 2.39:1 aspect ratio to emphasise the vast desert landscapes."
"wild sound"
Ambient audio recorded on location without picture, used in post-production to fill silences and create atmosphere
"The sound recordist spent twenty minutes capturing wild sound of the busy café before the crew moved on."
"ADR"
Automated Dialogue Replacement — re-recording an actor's lines in a studio after shooting to improve clarity or change the performance
"Several scenes shot near the motorway were so noisy that the entire cast had to come in for ADR."
"boom operator"
The crew member who holds a microphone on a long pole over the actors to capture dialogue during filming
"The boom operator had to crouch behind the sofa to keep the microphone out of frame during the wide shot."
"Foley"
Sound effects created in a post-production studio by performing everyday actions in sync with the picture
"The Foley artist produced the convincing sound of the armour by clanking chains against a metal sheet."
"room tone"
A recording of the background ambience of a specific location made to use as a seamless audio bed in editing
"The sound mixer called for quiet and recorded thirty seconds of room tone before the crew vacated the library set."
"mix"
The final stage of audio post-production in which all sound elements — dialogue, music, and effects — are balanced together
"The director flew to the dubbing theatre in Soho for the final mix of the feature."
"lavalier"
A small microphone clipped to an actor's clothing to capture dialogue inconspicuously
"Because the wide-angle lens made booming impossible, the costume department hid a lavalier inside the actor's lapel."
"sync sound"
Audio recorded simultaneously with picture on set, as opposed to wild sound or studio-recorded sound
"The editor confirmed that all sync sound from the location days had been successfully married to the picture files."
"rough cut"
An early assembly of edited footage that follows the script closely before creative refinement begins
"The director watched the rough cut alone before sharing notes with the editor the following morning."
"colour grade"
The process of adjusting the colour, contrast, and tone of footage to achieve a consistent and stylised look
"The cinematographer attended the colour grade to ensure the footage matched the visual style she had established on set."
"VFX"
Visual effects — digital imagery added to or composited with live-action footage to create elements impossible to film practically
"The VFX supervisor warned that the sequence would require more than 400 individual VFX shots."
"compositing"
Combining multiple visual elements from different sources into a single, seamless final image
"The compositing artist spent three days placing the actors convincingly into the digital background plate."
"offline edit"
The creative editorial process using lower-resolution proxy files before the final online conform
"The editor completed the offline edit on a laptop in six weeks while the production was still shooting."
"online conform"
The technical process of replacing proxy files with the full-resolution camera originals once the edit is locked
"The post supervisor booked the online conform suite for three days to finish the series in time for delivery."
"deliverables"
The specific technical versions and formats a production must supply to a broadcaster, distributor, or streaming platform
"Netflix provided a forty-page deliverables specification the post-production supervisor had to meet in full."
"timecode"
A sequential numbering system that assigns a unique address to every frame of video or audio to keep everything synchronised
"A timecode error caused a sync problem that the assistant editor had to resolve before the offline could continue."
"logline"
A one or two-sentence summary of a screenplay that conveys the central conflict and protagonist's goal
"The development executive said the logline was strong but the script itself did not yet deliver on its premise."
"beat"
A single unit of dramatic action or a moment of change within a scene or story structure
"The writing team mapped every beat of the season on index cards before anyone started drafting scenes."
"act break"
The major turning point or cliffhanger that concludes an act and propels the story into the next
"The act break at the end of episode three revealed the murder suspect in a scene audiences were not expecting."
"spec script"
A screenplay written speculatively without a commission, typically to demonstrate a writer's voice and abilities
"She wrote a spec script based on an existing series and used it to secure her first professional staffing deal."
"table read"
A rehearsal in which the full cast and creative team read a script aloud to hear how it sounds before filming
"The table read revealed several jokes that did not land, prompting rewrites before production began."
"showrunner"
The executive producer on a TV series who has overall creative and managerial responsibility for the production
"The showrunner made the final call to restructure the mid-season episodes after test audience feedback."
"cold open"
A scene that begins a television episode before the title sequence, designed to hook the audience immediately
"The cold open showing the aftermath of the car crash was so effective that the network requested more like it."
"polish"
A light revision of a screenplay that refines dialogue and details without altering the story's structure
"With production starting in four weeks, the producers hired a dialogue specialist to do a final polish of the script."
よくある質問
映画・テレビの専門家にとって英語はなぜ重要ですか？
英語はグローバルな映画・テレビ産業の支配的な言語です。国際共同制作、ハリウッドのスタジオシステム、NetflixやAmazonなどの主要ストリーミングプラットフォーム、そしてほとんどの業界標準ソフトウェアや技術マニュアルは主に英語で運営されています。英語で自信を持って働ける専門家は、外国の配給会社へのピッチングから国境を越えたプロジェクトへの参加まで、はるかに広い国際的な機会にアクセスできます。
映画・テレビ英語にはどのような語彙が必要ですか？
映画・TV専門英語は6つの主要分野にわたります：制作管理（コールシート、スケジュール、予算）、現場でのコミュニケーション（アクション、カット、ブロッキング、ホールディング）、カメラと撮影技法（ショットサイズ、動き、レンズ、アスペクト比）、音響（ADR、フォーリー、ミキシング、ラベリア）、ポストプロダクション（オフライン編集、カラーグレーディング、VFX、納品要件）、脚本開発（ログライン、ビート、アクトブレイク、ショーランナー）です。
映画・TV分野のプロフェッショナル英語を習得するにはどのくらい時間がかかりますか？
一般英語がB2レベルの専門家は、通常、メイキング映像の視聴、Varietyなどの業界誌の購読、制作ブログの閲覧など、本物の素材への継続的な接触を3〜6か月続けることで映画産業の専門用語を流暢に扱えるようになります。Sundanceやカンヌなどのイベントでのピッチングやプレゼンテーションに必要な自信を得るには、通常1年以上の積極的な言語使用が必要です。
映画・TV英語を学ぶ最善の方法は何ですか？
理解可能なインプットが最も効果的なアプローチです。英語のメイキングドキュメンタリーや映画学校のマスタークラスを視聴し、制作済みの脚本や脚本ノートを読み、映画制作者のポッドキャストや音声コメンタリーを聴くことを意味します。これにより、本物の創造的なコンテキストで業界の本物の言語に触れ、職人技への洞察を得ながら自然に語彙を吸収できます。最速の結果を得るには、このページのようなリソースを使った語彙復習でリアルコンテンツを補いましょう。
動画を通じて映画・TV英語を学べますか？
もちろんです。映画・TV言語の多くがビジュアルとオーディオのクラフトそのものに関するものであるため、この分野では動画コンテンツが特に効果的です。DVDの音声コメンタリー、監督インタビュー、映画学校の講義、制作Vlogを見ることで、実際の撮影現場や編集室で使われるのと同じ用語に触れることができます。YouTubeやVimeoには、プロフェッショナルな語彙を構築するのに理想的なメイキングコンテンツとマスタークラスの膨大なライブラリがあります。
プロフェッショナル英語を最も速く吸収する方法は、理解可能なインプット——自分のレベルに合った本物の映画・TVコンテンツです。
実際の動画で練習する →