Связующие слова в английском: полное руководство

Добавление

"Furthermore"

Used to add a stronger or more important point

"The results were promising. Furthermore, the cost was lower than expected."

Добавление

"Moreover"

In addition to what has been said; used to reinforce a point

"The plan saves time. Moreover, it reduces errors significantly."

Добавление

"In addition"

As well as something already mentioned

"In addition to English, she speaks French and German."

Добавление

"Besides"

Apart from; also

"Besides being cheaper, the new model is also lighter."

Добавление

"What is more"

Used to emphasise an extra point

"The hotel was beautiful. What is more, the service was excellent."

Добавление

"Not only … but also"

Used to add emphasis to two related facts

"Not only did he finish on time, but he also came in under budget."

Добавление

"As well as"

In addition to; together with

"As well as writing reports, she handles all client communications."

Добавление

"On top of that"

In addition to everything already mentioned

"The project was late. On top of that, the final cost doubled."

Противопоставление

"However"

Despite what has just been said; on the other hand

"The report looks good. However, there are a few figures to double-check."

Противопоставление

"Nevertheless"

In spite of that; used to introduce a surprising continuation

"The weather was terrible. Nevertheless, the event was a great success."

Противопоставление

"On the other hand"

Used to introduce a contrasting view or fact

"Living in a city is convenient. On the other hand, it can be very stressful."

Противопоставление

"Although"

Even though; in spite of the fact that

"Although the exam was hard, most students passed with high marks."

Противопоставление

"Even though"

Despite the fact that; used for strong contrasts

"Even though she trained for months, she did not win the race."

Противопоставление

"In contrast"

When compared with something that is clearly different

"Sales rose in Europe. In contrast, they fell sharply in Asia."

Противопоставление

"Whereas"

While on the contrary; used to highlight a difference

"Tom prefers working in the morning, whereas Anna works best at night."

Противопоставление

"Despite this"

Without being affected by the mentioned fact

"There was strong opposition. Despite this, the law was passed."

Следствие

"Therefore"

As a result of what has been said; for that reason

"The data was incomplete. Therefore, the study could not be published."

Следствие

"As a result"

Because of something that has just been mentioned

"They cut their advertising budget. As a result, sales dropped by 20%."

Следствие

"Consequently"

As a direct result; used in more formal writing

"The factory closed. Consequently, hundreds of workers lost their jobs."

Следствие

"Thus"

In this way; as a result — used in formal or academic writing

"The temperature dropped below zero, thus freezing the pipes overnight."

Следствие

"Hence"

For this reason; therefore — formal and concise

"The medicine was expired. Hence, it was not prescribed to patients."

Следствие

"So"

With the result that; therefore — common in spoken English

"It was raining heavily, so we decided to stay indoors."

Следствие

"For this reason"

Because of the previously mentioned cause

"Communication broke down. For this reason, the deal fell through."

Следствие

"This led to"

This caused a particular result or situation

"The company expanded too quickly. This led to serious cash flow problems."

Пример

"For example"

Used to introduce an illustration of a general point

"Many fruits are high in vitamin C. For example, oranges contain over 50 mg per fruit."

Пример

"For instance"

As one case among others; similar to "for example"

"There are several options. For instance, you could take the train or hire a car."

Пример

"Such as"

Like; for example — used within a sentence

"Outdoor activities such as hiking, cycling, and swimming are great for fitness."

Пример

"In particular"

Especially; used to highlight a specific example

"I enjoyed the trip, and in particular, the visit to the old city centre."

Пример

"To illustrate"

To give a specific example that makes a point clearer

"To illustrate, consider what happens when interest rates rise by just 1%."

Пример

"Namely"

That is to say; specifically — used to name examples

"Two departments will be restructured, namely Finance and Human Resources."

Пример

"Including"

Used to give one or more items as part of a larger group

"The package covers all travel costs, including flights and airport transfers."

Пример

"As a case in point"

As a relevant and clear example of what was just stated

"Remote work has grown rapidly — last year's data is a case in point."

Условие

"If"

On the condition or supposition that something is true

"If you study regularly, your English will improve much faster."

Условие

"Unless"

Except on the condition that; if … not

"You will not pass the exam unless you practise speaking every day."

Условие

"Provided that"

On the condition that; used in formal writing

"You may leave early, provided that you finish the report first."

Условие

"As long as"

On condition that; while something remains true

"As long as the budget is approved, we can start in January."

Условие

"In case"

Because of the possibility that something might happen

"Save your work frequently in case the system crashes."

Условие

"Supposing that"

If we imagine or assume that something is true

"Supposing that the merger goes ahead, what happens to current staff?"

Условие

"On condition that"

Only if a specific requirement is met

"He agreed to help on condition that he received a share of the profits."

Условие

"Whether or not"

Regardless of which of two possibilities is true

"Whether or not you agree, the decision has already been made."

Заключение

"In conclusion"

Used to introduce the final summary of an essay or speech

"In conclusion, the evidence strongly supports a shift to renewable energy."

Заключение

"To sum up"

To briefly summarise what has been said

"To sum up, all three approaches have clear advantages and limitations."

Заключение

"Overall"

Taking everything into account; when considering all aspects

"Overall, the project was a success despite the early setbacks."

Заключение

"In summary"

Giving a concise account of the main points

"In summary, the new policy will reduce costs and improve efficiency."

Заключение

"All in all"

Considering all aspects together

"All in all, it was one of the most productive meetings we have had this year."

Заключение

"On balance"

After considering everything; taking the pros and cons into account

"On balance, the benefits of the proposal outweigh the risks."

Заключение

"Ultimately"

In the end; after all considerations have been made

"Ultimately, the success of the project depends on team commitment."

Заключение

"To conclude"

Used to signal the final point in a formal piece of writing

"To conclude, I would like to thank everyone who contributed to this research."