Путеводитель по фразовым глаголам: 48 глаголов по частицам
Фразовые глаголы соединяют базовый глагол с частицей, создавая совершенно новое значение. Они повсюду в разговорном английском. Ищите или фильтруйте по частице.
48 phrasal verbs · 6 particles
"give up"
stop trying; quit
"Never give up on your dreams, no matter how hard things get."
"set up"
arrange or establish something
"Can you set up a meeting for Thursday afternoon?"
"come up with"
think of an idea or plan
"She came up with a brilliant solution to the problem."
"pick up"
collect someone or something; learn casually
"I picked up a lot of Spanish just from watching TV shows."
"make up"
invent a story; reconcile after a fight
"He made up an excuse for being late to the meeting."
"build up"
increase gradually; accumulate
"You need to build up your vocabulary over time with daily reading."
"end up"
eventually reach a situation or place
"We took the wrong turn and ended up in a completely different town."
"show up"
arrive or appear somewhere
"Only half the team showed up to the training session."
"break down"
stop working; lose emotional control
"The car broke down on the highway during rush hour."
"let down"
disappoint someone
"I really let the team down by missing the deadline."
"turn down"
refuse or reject an offer
"She turned down the job offer because the salary was too low."
"calm down"
become less angry or upset
"Just calm down and tell me exactly what happened."
"cut down"
reduce the amount of something
"The doctor told him to cut down on sugar and processed food."
"narrow down"
reduce a list of options to a smaller number
"We narrowed down the candidates to just three finalists."
"note down"
write something so you remember it
"Please note down the key points from this lecture."
"slow down"
reduce speed or pace
"You need to slow down — you are making too many mistakes by rushing."
"find out"
discover or learn new information
"How did you find out about the secret meeting?"
"run out"
use up all of a supply
"We've run out of milk — can you buy some on the way home?"
"work out"
exercise; solve a problem; develop successfully
"I go to the gym to work out three times a week."
"figure out"
understand or solve something
"I cannot figure out how this software works."
"point out"
draw attention to something
"My editor pointed out several errors in the first draft."
"carry out"
perform or complete a task
"The engineers carried out a full safety inspection of the building."
"turn out"
happen in a particular way; prove to be
"It turned out that nobody had locked the back door."
"burn out"
become exhausted from overwork
"She burned out after working 80-hour weeks for six months."
"carry on"
continue doing something
"Despite the setback, she carried on with the project."
"rely on"
depend on someone or something
"You can always rely on Marcus when things get difficult."
"focus on"
concentrate attention on something
"Let us focus on the most urgent tasks first thing in the morning."
"take on"
accept responsibility; employ someone
"The company decided to take on ten new graduates this year."
"move on"
stop dwelling on the past and progress forward
"It is time to move on and stop thinking about the old job."
"hold on"
wait; grip tightly
"Hold on a moment — I need to check my calendar before I confirm."
"check on"
verify the status or wellbeing of something
"Can you check on the report and see if it is ready?"
"go on"
continue; happen
"What is going on? I can hear shouting from the next room."
"take off"
leave the ground; become successful quickly
"The plane takes off at six, so we need to leave by four."
"call off"
cancel something that was planned
"They had to call off the outdoor concert because of the storm."
"put off"
postpone; cause someone to dislike something
"Stop putting off the difficult tasks — tackle them first."
"pay off"
result in success after effort; finish paying a debt
"All those years of practice finally paid off at the championship."
"show off"
display skills or possessions to impress others
"He was showing off his new car to everyone in the office."
"set off"
begin a journey; trigger an alarm
"We set off early to avoid the traffic on the motorway."
"cut off"
interrupt; stop the supply of something
"The storm cut off the power to the entire neighbourhood."
"turn off"
switch off a device; cause disinterest
"Please turn off all electronic devices before the performance starts."
"give in"
stop resisting; admit defeat
"After hours of arguing, he finally gave in and agreed to the plan."
"fit in"
belong to a group; find time for something
"It took her a few months to fit in with the new team."
"fill in"
complete a form; substitute for someone
"Could you fill in this registration form before the session starts?"
"join in"
participate in an activity
"Everyone is welcome to join in the discussion after the talk."
"break in"
enter by force; interrupt a conversation
"Someone broke in through the back window while we were away."
"hand in"
submit work to someone in authority
"Please hand in your assignments by Friday at five o'clock."
"log in"
enter credentials to access a system
"You need to log in with your company email address to access the portal."
"result in"
cause something to happen; lead to a consequence
"The accident resulted in significant delays on the main road."
Частые вопросы
Что такое фразовый глагол в английском?
Фразовый глагол — это сочетание базового глагола с одной или несколькими частицами, образующее новое значение, которое нельзя угадать по отдельным словам. Например, "give up" означает "сдаться", хотя ни "give", ни "up" отдельно этого не значат.
Сколько фразовых глаголов в английском?
В английском языке зафиксировано более 10 000 фразовых глаголов. Однако исследования показывают, что знание 200–300 самых частотных покрывает большинство бытового общения. Начните с частиц UP, DOWN, OUT, ON, OFF и IN.
Как лучше всего учить фразовые глаголы?
Самый эффективный способ — встречать фразовые глаголы в естественном контексте: в подкастах, фильмах, сериалах и текстах на уровне носителя. Встретив глагол в 5–10 реальных контекстах, вы усвоите его интуитивно — намного лучше, чем зазубривая определения.
Почему частицы вроде UP и DOWN так меняют значение?
Частицы несут в себе базовые направленные или метафорические смыслы. UP часто сигнализирует о завершении или росте, DOWN — о снижении или неудаче, OUT — об открытии или истощении. Понимание этих паттернов помогает предугадывать значение незнакомых фразовых глаголов.
Фразовые глаголы — разговорные или официальные?
И те, и другие. Многие нейтральны ("find out", "set up"), другие вполне уместны в официальных текстах. Однако в академическом или очень формальном стиле предпочтительны латинизированные глаголы — например, "investigate" вместо "look into".
Самый быстрый способ усвоить фразовые глаголы — слышать их в живой речи.
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