Tipos de Oraciones en Inglés

Oraciones simples

"Subject + Verb"

The most basic sentence pattern

"She runs every morning."

Oraciones simples

"Subject + Verb + Object"

Action transfers to a direct object

"He reads the newspaper daily."

Oraciones simples

"Subject + Verb + Complement"

A linking verb connects subject to its description

"The soup smells delicious."

Oraciones simples

"Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object"

Action benefits a receiver and transfers an object

"She gave him a book."

Oraciones simples

"Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement"

Describes or renames the object

"They elected her president."

Oraciones simples

"Imperative sentence"

Command or request; subject "you" is implied

"Close the door, please."

Oraciones simples

"Inverted subject–verb order"

Subject follows the verb for emphasis or questions

"Here comes the train."

Oraciones simples

"Expletive construction"

Sentences starting with "there is / it is"

"There is a problem with the plan."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "and""

Adds one idea to another

"I studied hard, and I passed the exam."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "but""

Contrasts two ideas

"She wanted to go, but she was too tired."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "or""

Presents an alternative

"You can call me, or you can send an email."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "so""

Shows result or consequence

"It was raining, so we stayed inside."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "yet""

Introduces an unexpected contrast

"He is rich, yet he never seems happy."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with "for""

Gives a reason (formal)

"We left early, for the traffic was terrible."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with a semicolon"

Closely related independent clauses without a conjunction

"The meeting ended; everyone went home."

Oraciones compuestas

"Joined with a conjunctive adverb"

Uses "however", "therefore", "meanwhile" after semicolons

"She missed the bus; however, she arrived on time."

Oraciones complejas

"Adverbial clause of time"

States when the main action happens

"After she finished work, she went to the gym."

Oraciones complejas

"Adverbial clause of reason"

Explains why the main action happens

"He stayed home because he felt ill."

Oraciones complejas

"Adverbial clause of condition"

Sets a condition for the main clause

"If you practise daily, your English will improve."

Oraciones complejas

"Adverbial clause of contrast"

Introduces a surprising contrast

"Although it was cold, they went swimming."

Oraciones complejas

"Adverbial clause of purpose"

Shows the goal of the main action

"She worked overtime so that she could save money."

Oraciones complejas

"Relative (adjective) clause"

Describes a noun using "who", "which", or "that"

"The book that I recommended is a bestseller."

Oraciones complejas

"Noun clause as subject"

A dependent clause acts as the subject

"What she said surprised everyone."

Oraciones complejas

"Noun clause as object"

A dependent clause acts as the direct object

"I believe that honesty matters most."

Tipos de preguntas

"Yes/No question"

Answered with "yes" or "no"; auxiliary verb inverts with subject

"Do you enjoy learning English?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Wh- question"

Opens with who, what, where, when, why, or how

"Where did you grow up?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Choice question"

Offers two alternatives joined by "or"

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Tag question"

Short question appended to a statement to seek confirmation

"It is a beautiful day, isn't it?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Indirect question"

Embedded question inside a polite statement

"Could you tell me where the station is?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Rhetorical question"

Asked for effect; no answer is expected

"Isn't it amazing how fast technology changes?"

Tipos de preguntas

"Echo question"

Repeats part of a statement to express surprise

"She resigned? She resigned?!"

Tipos de preguntas

"Negative question"

Expects agreement or expresses surprise

"Wasn't that the best concert ever?"

Oraciones condicionales

"Zero conditional"

General truths and facts; always true

"If you heat water to 100 °C, it boils."

Oraciones condicionales

"First conditional"

Real and possible future situation

"If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic."

Oraciones condicionales

"Second conditional"

Hypothetical or unlikely present/future

"If I had more time, I would learn the piano."

Oraciones condicionales

"Third conditional"

Imaginary past; something that did not happen

"If she had studied harder, she would have passed."

Oraciones condicionales

"Mixed conditional (3rd → 2nd)"

Past condition, present result

"If I had slept well, I would feel better now."

Oraciones condicionales

"Mixed conditional (2nd → 3rd)"

Present condition, past result

"If I were taller, I would have made the team."

Oraciones condicionales

"Unless conditional"

"Unless" replaces "if not" for negative conditions

"Unless you hurry, we will miss the train."

Oraciones condicionales

"Inverted conditional"

Formal omission of "if" by inverting subject–auxiliary

"Had I known, I would have helped you."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Simple passive"

Object of an active verb becomes the subject

"The report was written by the manager."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Passive with modal verb"

Modal + be + past participle expresses obligation or possibility

"This form must be completed before Friday."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"It-cleft sentence"

Emphasises one element using "It is/was … that"

"It was the CEO who made the final decision."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft)"

Uses "What … is/was" to emphasise a predicate

"What surprised me most was her reaction."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Fronted adverbial"

Adverbial placed at the start for emphasis or contrast

"Under no circumstances will we accept late work."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Existential "there""

Introduces the existence of something

"There have been several improvements this year."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Reduced relative clause"

Relative pronoun + be is omitted for conciseness

"The students sitting at the back missed the announcement."

Pasiva y estructuras especiales

"Absolute phrase"

Noun + participle that modifies the whole main clause

"The presentation finished, the team celebrated their success."