Tipos de Frases do Inglês

Frases simples

"Subject + Verb"

The most basic sentence pattern

"She runs every morning."

Frases simples

"Subject + Verb + Object"

Action transfers to a direct object

"He reads the newspaper daily."

Frases simples

"Subject + Verb + Complement"

A linking verb connects subject to its description

"The soup smells delicious."

Frases simples

"Subject + Verb + Indirect Object + Direct Object"

Action benefits a receiver and transfers an object

"She gave him a book."

Frases simples

"Subject + Verb + Object + Object Complement"

Describes or renames the object

"They elected her president."

Frases simples

"Imperative sentence"

Command or request; subject "you" is implied

"Close the door, please."

Frases simples

"Inverted subject–verb order"

Subject follows the verb for emphasis or questions

"Here comes the train."

Frases simples

"Expletive construction"

Sentences starting with "there is / it is"

"There is a problem with the plan."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "and""

Adds one idea to another

"I studied hard, and I passed the exam."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "but""

Contrasts two ideas

"She wanted to go, but she was too tired."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "or""

Presents an alternative

"You can call me, or you can send an email."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "so""

Shows result or consequence

"It was raining, so we stayed inside."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "yet""

Introduces an unexpected contrast

"He is rich, yet he never seems happy."

Frases compostas

"Joined with "for""

Gives a reason (formal)

"We left early, for the traffic was terrible."

Frases compostas

"Joined with a semicolon"

Closely related independent clauses without a conjunction

"The meeting ended; everyone went home."

Frases compostas

"Joined with a conjunctive adverb"

Uses "however", "therefore", "meanwhile" after semicolons

"She missed the bus; however, she arrived on time."

Frases complexas

"Adverbial clause of time"

States when the main action happens

"After she finished work, she went to the gym."

Frases complexas

"Adverbial clause of reason"

Explains why the main action happens

"He stayed home because he felt ill."

Frases complexas

"Adverbial clause of condition"

Sets a condition for the main clause

"If you practise daily, your English will improve."

Frases complexas

"Adverbial clause of contrast"

Introduces a surprising contrast

"Although it was cold, they went swimming."

Frases complexas

"Adverbial clause of purpose"

Shows the goal of the main action

"She worked overtime so that she could save money."

Frases complexas

"Relative (adjective) clause"

Describes a noun using "who", "which", or "that"

"The book that I recommended is a bestseller."

Frases complexas

"Noun clause as subject"

A dependent clause acts as the subject

"What she said surprised everyone."

Frases complexas

"Noun clause as object"

A dependent clause acts as the direct object

"I believe that honesty matters most."

Tipos de perguntas

"Yes/No question"

Answered with "yes" or "no"; auxiliary verb inverts with subject

"Do you enjoy learning English?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Wh- question"

Opens with who, what, where, when, why, or how

"Where did you grow up?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Choice question"

Offers two alternatives joined by "or"

"Would you prefer tea or coffee?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Tag question"

Short question appended to a statement to seek confirmation

"It is a beautiful day, isn't it?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Indirect question"

Embedded question inside a polite statement

"Could you tell me where the station is?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Rhetorical question"

Asked for effect; no answer is expected

"Isn't it amazing how fast technology changes?"

Tipos de perguntas

"Echo question"

Repeats part of a statement to express surprise

"She resigned? She resigned?!"

Tipos de perguntas

"Negative question"

Expects agreement or expresses surprise

"Wasn't that the best concert ever?"

Frases condicionais

"Zero conditional"

General truths and facts; always true

"If you heat water to 100 °C, it boils."

Frases condicionais

"First conditional"

Real and possible future situation

"If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic."

Frases condicionais

"Second conditional"

Hypothetical or unlikely present/future

"If I had more time, I would learn the piano."

Frases condicionais

"Third conditional"

Imaginary past; something that did not happen

"If she had studied harder, she would have passed."

Frases condicionais

"Mixed conditional (3rd → 2nd)"

Past condition, present result

"If I had slept well, I would feel better now."

Frases condicionais

"Mixed conditional (2nd → 3rd)"

Present condition, past result

"If I were taller, I would have made the team."

Frases condicionais

"Unless conditional"

"Unless" replaces "if not" for negative conditions

"Unless you hurry, we will miss the train."

Frases condicionais

"Inverted conditional"

Formal omission of "if" by inverting subject–auxiliary

"Had I known, I would have helped you."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Simple passive"

Object of an active verb becomes the subject

"The report was written by the manager."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Passive with modal verb"

Modal + be + past participle expresses obligation or possibility

"This form must be completed before Friday."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"It-cleft sentence"

Emphasises one element using "It is/was … that"

"It was the CEO who made the final decision."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Wh-cleft (pseudo-cleft)"

Uses "What … is/was" to emphasise a predicate

"What surprised me most was her reaction."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Fronted adverbial"

Adverbial placed at the start for emphasis or contrast

"Under no circumstances will we accept late work."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Existential "there""

Introduces the existence of something

"There have been several improvements this year."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Reduced relative clause"

Relative pronoun + be is omitted for conciseness

"The students sitting at the back missed the announcement."

Passiva e estruturas especiais

"Absolute phrase"

Noun + participle that modifies the whole main clause

"The presentation finished, the team celebrated their success."